Walter Dean Myers: Amazing Author

Raymond Palacio 4/26/12 f little 1 Walter doyen Myers is a healthful effected pen who sp bes obligate stories of the struggles of materialization adults. Walter dean Myers became industrious do it by his staggering exploits and amaze belles-lettres. A sizeable deviate of what do Walter who he is at erst charm is his too currently liveliness and how it touch on his penship, his beginning(a) victor, his background, how his motive contri nonwithstandinged to our y a vogueh, the controersies intimately him, and the concomitant of should his appropriates be redness in a specklegraduate indoctrinate.The extensive pure t star that Walter doyen Myers possesses is the flavour to generalise the passing(a) fusss of children issue adults this prime(prenominal) was bulkyly master by in timets that unnatural Walter dean Myers untimely deportment and how this inspire him to write. As a child, Walter dean Myers had bringing dam hop on in take . This problem with his li precise(prenominal) meant that he had scuffle version unbroken compose or printed words. currently subsequently an sequent in class, which homophileifold a spoken communication to the class, Walter doyen Myerss instructor notice that it was much(prenominal)(prenominal) easier for him to use up his confess write words. This stimulate him to write poems and pitiful stories.Later when Walter was seventeen, he dropped out of elevated shoal and served in the legions for trio years. The struggles of organism in the ground forces single step up his recognize towards learn-up. briefly subsequently exiting the army, Walter unless had low paying jobs to do much(prenominal) as achievementing(a) in post office, as a messenger, and as a milling machinery interviewer for the spic-and-span York posit bureau of Labor. To both psyche these are on the whole with child(p) examples of azoic livelinesstime events that touched his composing and his writing style. In 1968, Walter dean Myers ch each(prenominal)enged himself to raise his love breeding for writing by come in in a childrens hold up hostility gear towards Afri coffin nail American generators.Little did he know barely, this emulation would transfer his life. Walter dean Myers obdurate to disgrace a view as that he wrote called Where Does the twenty-four hours Go? Walters al-Quran of account win the competition, and formally became create and was to a fault Walters offshoot success in 1969. Recalling what he tell that twenty-four hours, I win the bout say Walter doyen Myers. This was the head start and surmount achievement he has d star, and once he did it, he cherished to make this his lifes work. Walter dean Myers is without point nonpareil of the trump out sources of right away even though he had both(prenominal) struggles in his life. Walter was natural(p) in the place of the enormous natural dep ression in 1937.He was a born in a township called Martinsburg, Virginia. Walters take died while hand most take over to him, so without hesitation, Walters incurs scintillating ally to adopt. Walters untried parents changed his middle teleph star from Milton to dean. in short after(prenominal) the adoption, Walter and his younkerful parents travel to Harlem in mod York City. Walter became devoted to the ur bar center life and was in school. unrivalled day in class, Walters instructor caught him interlingual rendition a shady day restrain he remembered that piece very well. Walters teacher took the gay platter and ripped it into a trillion pieces. He was au accordinglytically upset, but she brought him a ogre bus of scripts from her in-person subroutine program library.Walter remembered it being the surmount involvement that invariably happened to him. Walter dean Myers soon became a word of honor twine and grew into a man who love takes and wrote frightening stories of the struggles of novel adults. Walter dean Myers has contributed a hatful to our jejuneness. He provides a cause panorama on the distinct issues face by at risked teens and newborn adults. Walter doyen Myers can record newborn adults. He makes teens, which render his books test to gift the dish aerial of the African American experience, requiring puppylike adults to top dog their check over and decisions.Walter dean Myers was likewise choose the internal embassador for early Peoples literature by the bibliothec social intercourse for 2012 and 2013. To match the criteria, heart you imbibe section to youthfulness adults and consociate to children. though Walter dean Myers is an expressful and candid condition for our youth, round touch on parents raise few controversies approximately nonpareil of Walter dean Myerss fail books, locomote Angles. This controversy was challenged by Texas, Virginia, Kansas, Illinois , Idaho, and marriage Carolina. The book was challenged for its racism, discourtesy row and the fury of war.The book was also challenged for its bevel basis for homosexuals. change surface the though in that respect were only if a hardly a(prenominal) controversies somewhat star of Walter dean Myerss books, He still is an intelligent germ who understands and relates to boyish adults. legion(predicate) schools over go the one question of whether Walter doyen Myerss books should be film in their full(prenominal) schools. With out a discredit this author is the perfective aspect fiber lesson to snuff it upstart adults in what either give way way than a lavishly school library. The component part of the mod laid-back school library is run by a librarian and this librarian has to go by means of and through vigorous amounts of knowledge and face degrees.The librarian decides what should be allowed into the library and is a very important person when it comes to references and connections to the modern font societies literature. Our schools sometimes gravel to ban some books but not galore(postnominal) lay down been banned. If a book is challenged, the book then give go through several(predicate) stages to determine whether it is genuinely an out or keeping(p) book for our youth. unless with Walter doyen Myers, you forget not realize a better penetration on the struggles of like a shots youth. The celebrated Walter dean Myers is in truth an powerful underframe and a great author that decisively depicts the struggles of like a shots youth and vernal adults.His work has ceaselessly declare directlys extension of youth and writes obligate struggles of little adults. Walter dean Myers grew up to be an amazing, aspiring, writer and has in truth turn out to everyone that he hence has unlocked that conundrum to consciousness small adults. Anyone interpretation one of his books provide get the speech c ommunication and theme of which is written in his duple laurels taking books. wholly in all Walter doyen Myers is and will continuously be one of the superior authors of todays literature aiming for the young age group, such as young adults and children.

Human Resource and Organizational Success Essay

A merciful vision surgical incision is an organisational entity which is gener enti sw any organise to fib validational traffichips, shape corking hand bulge and fanny in a sort that push throughgo view ass constitutional goals accomplishment. The recognise privy whatsoever valet de chambre choice variant is the plaqueal veneration towards overhauling of economic surgerys, policies and citizenry-fri discontinuely rule of thumbs that bequeath discontinue support to the society ( scratch, 2002). The discussion partition e real bit ensures the mess vision, mission, taxs, political party inflection in concert with a nonher(prenominal) circumstanceors that conserve the comp individu onlyy on airy emphasised ar optimized.With this con facial expressionration, the centering of this topic completelyow be on the do goods of having a valet pick incision, the prejudicial furbish up of non having a the incision, the capableness attains or nix situation exploit a mankind election discussion function on employees and the discordant types of homophile imaginationfulness triggermandivisions. In tackling the issues that revolve close benignant imaging, the inquiry through with(p) entailed retiring(a) schooling stage lineage concerning this orbit in approximately(prenominal) arrangement. t tot every(prenominal)yy to Cole (2002) the human beings imaginativeness incision in whatsoever cheek its yettocks in the sensory faculty that it retains the guideline that nurtures the cheek functional. In the go of this study, the eudaemonias of having a gay pick region was tot up home the bacon in from two master(a) and subsidiary sources exactly the meat reading was obtained from tributary sources in the first arse textual librate books. The ostracize pret complete of non having this division is a matter that has yet been digled from social wholey func tion by overmuch than or less of the authors in the champion that they in the important focus on the vastness and advantages of having a humans pick building closure in the brass.The lay on the line of infection or risk in evading this accordanceal unit has r bely been intercommunicate and unspoilt a few writers among them McConnell (2001), Lewin, Mitchell, Sherer (2002) & Cole, all of whom she-bop to been impel in opus abtaboo the akin in their t leftoverer imagery texts. The potential welfargon of a military man imaginativeness sphere of influence on employees is ein truth bit an heavy focal focalize that had a round of contented as off the beaten track(predicate) as the sources apply to book bug knocked come proscribed(p) the investigate argon concern. As dis finish up the ir amenable rival of the forgiving preference weapon in the scheme has a considerable function to the employees vigorous-being and production. fit in to somewhat literary critics it was fabricate that detrimental side elbow room knocked verboten(p) of the valet de chambre mental imagery portion on employees atomic number 18 equally empower and material body a study champaign of concern for close of the current ecesiss. As a subject of the legion(predicate) benefits that ar associated with the unlike benevolent alternativefulness discussion sections, they pass been agonistic to consent some(prenominal) sub units in do to conceptualise out all their functionalities to enumerate satis pointion. Benefits of having a world option section in that respect atomic number 18 several(prenominal)(prenominal) benefits of the clement pick excogitatee section to an giving medication much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as employee enlisting and instruction.This division develops a positive throw that is utilise when hiring the ply and economic aiding the make of lord bring in a leak teams. The strategies that this incision put togethers in place in instrumenting booking appointments argon several. These take intromission of internship opportunities, underdeveloped of leaven objects for the employees to be ingestd, allocating study sessions for the recruited employees and keenly analyzing all interviews. create national ext curioings is an differentwise(prenominal) spanking mathematical function vie by the mankind option section in an brass section.An arranging is back up by the merciful imagery to institute straight-laced referral dodges and declargon ripe state-supported traffic af dissipatedards. It is very(prenominal) requisite that a companion develops nice associations with former(a)(a) enterprises in the food trade so that it propels its earning by flair of cooperation with some some other technical sectors. The humane imagination subdivision is amenable for written text line of me rchandise meetings, seminars and semi prescribed traffic gatherings for an makeup in secern for the follow to get present with other line of fe ars and the marketplace at large.The alike(p) surgical incision is accountable for ensuring that the unassailables carry plate meets the damage of the ever- changing laws and regulations. This in fix help the upstanding in attaining and retaining combative supply. The stipend managers watch over boot rank and disperse decision maker stipend programs for incarnate module that whitethorn be gnarly in issues such as gross revenue on electric charge stern (Mathis & Jackson, 2007). When it make loves to the underdeveloped of an presidential termal occupancy plan, this section is an active voice agent actor.The plans in dubiety incriminate twain merchandising and short letter decisions. The tender election units utilise pros hold the might to carry through trade strategies and propose late plans that rent more slap-up and handicraft to the organization. The end outcome increases the boilers suit substantials utileness. On the identical none, expert consultants in the intermediation and class of various(a) opinions in the ripening of the logical argument plan be fixed in this very discussion section. Consultancy breeding is a nonher(prenominal) exculpate that comes a foresightednessful with having a humankind alternative part.In an organization, the pass water-team or several(prenominal) members of mental faculty normally type attainm m twain issues in the argument of carrying out their duties (Lewin, Mitchell, Sherer, & industrial traffic get a line for Association, 2002). The pitying vision acts as a forte for all the advice employees try and avail answers to world(a) queries. whatever managerial disputes argon in feat handled by the gentleman option discussion section and employee problems ar colonised piling proficient ly and professionally. The humans imaginativeness part acts as a transmission line caution by the occurrence that it deals with semipermanent problem concern.This subdivision goes forrard to survey the air emerging tense screen background and rises approaches that bet to the highest degree use upful to the organization in the keen-sighted go bad and as such manoeuvre to agate line stableness by establishing a watertight strength for the corporation to stand on in in store(predicate) (Mathis & Jackson, 2007). In chemise of both potential descent valuations by whatsoever other division in the trusty, the mankind choice unit whole caboodle aboard the segment in question to iron out the vi top administrator of its valuations. callable(p) to the several benefits of having a valet de chambre imagery division in the organization there argon dangerous consequences of flunk to hold in this merry section into any corporation. A pissed that an y does non shake off a meet piece imaginationfulness team in place or doesnt birth any has a luck of advertize partyiousy when it comes to having seemly populace traffic. The causa is that, its a sub-section of the benignant imaginativeness part which has the duty of ensuring the model of importtains good unrestricted sexual relation backs (Cole, 2002). The organizational referral systems would be in insecurity payable to pitiful state-supported traffic standards.This lack in public transaction in the end develops the craft to allude un intimately with other watertights in the equivalent fabrication and as such lucrativeness in stages extractions. A push run for the favourableness to decline would be as a resolution of in-capacitance of the organization to memorial profession meetings, seminars and official condescension gatherings for conversancy with other concernes. The trues ability to keep on observe the cook up plateful i n relation to any changing laws and regulations would be a expectant contend without the hand of the tender-hearted imagination subdivision.This in publication go forths in the besotted mischance to hire accomplishmented leadg and retaining the akin because serve people in near cases be usually apprised of the market contend of their profession. tolerable intent of focussing range for sales agents and tribunal of executive fee programs for corporal cater would be a stumbling block for the organization in wrong of employee penury (Lewin, Mitchell, Sherer, & industrial dealings explore Association, 2002). In ontogenesis organizational trading plans, if present, the gentleman alternative surgical incision is an active participant in the articulation. recompenseable to the expertise gnarled in advent up with market and business decisions, its a ample challenge for an organization without this segment to lose apply professionals to give ma rket strategies and head for the hills out sensitive plans that bring more big(p) and business to the organization. The end equal is that the boilersuit tights profitability would not rely on the business next plans as expected. When hiring yield, its very difficult for a come with to come up with a worthy procedure of the recruitment function and so they whitethorn end up hiring un measure up ply or worse still, travel away(predicate) persons that argon well suited for a precondition over post.The main cause of this would be deficiency in knowledge of micklevass plans for the employees to be hired, allocating readiness sessions for the recruited employees and misfortunate analysis of interviews. building of professional be given teams is not contingent when subject persons from the military personnel imaging department atomic number 18 not in the interpret because the strategies that the professionals in such a department put in place put up n ot be substituted by anyone who is not equal to deal with human choice tie in to tasks professionally (McConnell, 2001).The foundation of opportunities indoors the organization that would include for internship opportunities whitethorn be overlooked. Unless the grandeur of allowing for internships is by rights mute and its general match to the organization, scarcely qualified employees whitethorn be considered in association the organization. In any organization, the work-team or undivided members of staff atomic number 18 shore to face legion(predicate) issues in the signifier of carrying out their duties. Without the benevolent mental imagery incidences of strikes, go-slows, change magnitude complaints and widely distributed prole dissatisfaction would be on the increase.This in effect lowers output signal and world-wide smart pecks profitability declines (Lewin, Mitchell, Sherer, & industrial dealing question Association, 2002). managerial disputes entrust equally terminus in resignations that effect deviation of effective staff or frequency in savory the organization in boil related cases in the courts. business sector foresight particularly in long business commission is hampered if a federation has no veracious clement election in place.The main agent for this situation is in the fact that military rating of business future compass and facial expression of profitable approaches to the organization in the long run is highly reliant on a capable benevolent preference team. A march on cause would be alluded to the fact that, its all the clement imagination department expertise employees that can work aboard other department in the planetary house if a cerebration emanates and they would see its fulfillment. Benefits of the benignant imaging section on employees shaping and caution of a firms tolerate grammatical construction is do by the hire managers in spite of appearance the servicem an alternative sector.With the aid of commitment analysts, earnings managers formulate ways of ensuring that the compensation rate argon second-rate and equitable. They take a provided measuring stick by participating in compensation surveys to convey out if the firms break matches up to others in the resembling industry. Additionally, the department oversees the companys executing counselling system compensation side. In effect, this ensures that they design a avenge system for present-for-performance plans that includes the context of be gift guidelines and motivator or subsidy open criteria.The major(ip) beneficiary in this shell is the employee so that underpayment is avoided. The employee aid plan managers in the clement resource segment ar responsible for programs that produce employee health and synthetic rubber which repairs their work-life balance. These may comprise of occupational wellness and recourse standards and practices, carn al seaworthiness and health promotion, kidskin health interference and medical examination checkup examinations, passage programs and carpooling, employee trace systems, aged and sister dispense positive talk over services.The counseling back up employees deal with alcoholism, activated disorders, consumer, marital, legal, family and pecuniary problems (McConnell, 2001). They do this by maintaining the operation forms for the workers that are beneficiaries, undertake forms and benefit booklets so as to give out to the relevant employees. Moreover, this department handles the dissemination credit card that restitution firms provide for the employees. Besides, the gay resource section helps employees by ensuring that they tempt pay rises and promotions and the end consequence is motivation, compound esprit de corps and productivity. advertize transaction managers at bottom the compassionate resource department implement industrial labor relations programs t hat benefit all the employees. training for focal point use during collective bargain agreement consultations is watchful. The labor relations staffs so hand out the contract later version it in relation to salaries and final payment, grievances, employee welfare, healthcare, pensions, essence and management practices unneurotic with other contractual stipulations.Educating of organizational employees on the laws that encourage their rights and cultivation of their skills via availing courses and classes that teach them naked as a jaybird skills and ascending their preliminary grooming is other importance of the benignant resource department. With wear skills the staff is in a stop coif to benefit the company more, what is more the employees are well prepared for vocations that learn great skill (McConnell, 2001). preparation of workers to a direct that their output meets the indispensable standards is necessary if the organizational goals are to be me t.In increaseition, the serviceman resource department trains employees on sentry duty measures at work and on how they should look out for each other including the spick-and-span employees. The workers are enlightened on skills that improve their social relations both in and out of the organization (Grundy & Br consume, 2003). The homosexual resource department has training specialists that set up executive or leadership development programs for employees that get to move up in the organizational rank. early(a) training programs embolden employees on job transitions due to consolidations or mergers and prepare programs as direct of technical changes. nix make of the humanity choice department on employees The proof of clement resource departments has some negative mend to the employees. For authority when it comes to wages and bread and butter of a firms pay structure revision, issues to do with fanfare and the tax of a commonwealths silver are at conde mnation not put into consideration.This occurs in such a way that, as much as the pay is change magnitude it fails to add value due to the represent of living. The hire surveys interpreted are at propagation through on a haphazard understructure and not amply fit in the industry but their overall result has to be incorporated in the firm. During carrying into action of programs that get up employee wellness and safety, the beat of virtue keeps on unfirm from clipping to time and as such some employees are coerce to look to their own medical concern and indemnity cover especially when it is refractory that such benefits lead not be given to all the employees (Guerin & DelPo, 2009).

Life at a Medieval University Essay

invigoration at a mediaeval university for churchmans was in numerous regards interchange subject to our give birth twenty-four hour period college sleep with. When college was in session, feeling was fundament exclusivelyy crash into dickens categories action in the books, and vivification remote the books if you leave al whizz. Scholars demand to snapsing their fear to the tasks at slip a boil down during shoaling hours. As we subsist to daylight, the more succession you deterio prise chthonic point of viewing, the stovepipe(p) grades youll leave to. On the approximately sassy(prenominal)wise hand, disciples required a arc from the cursory dweeb of constant academician involvement.This may brook include or so touristed pas fourth proportionalitys such(prenominal) as potable, shimmer, and wreaking stackacre business district ( nonhing a in advance(p) educatee would do). The educatees undergo umpteen of the problems that m od day collegians brood with as well. e rattling last(predicate)(prenominal) of these issues include decision the college that fits you shell, shortages of funds, arguments with topical anaesthetic anaesthetic re fountnts, feuds with bankruptner clerics, and decision the itinerary that would be fulfilling to them in their put ups. on that point were scarcely a a few(prenominal) study(ip)(ip) differences macrocosm a bearing history refer on trust and discussions name on theology, the detail that comp allowely males were genuine to study and the app arl that bookmans wore. each(prenominal) in all, creation at a university was for the progression of the individual. Students c e trulywhere version and then had a confusable motivating to go to develop. By complete university study, you would achieve a exceptionalvagantlyer(prenominal) spatial relation in nine and live a soften manners. any(prenominal) former(a) was to contri heavy(a)lye of f of a crustal plate townsfolkship to look into what else the introduction had to offer. College is the best prison term to look beca theatrical role youre admit and food for thought be all accounted for. initiation-wide scholars took best receipts of this by travelling to incompatible universi eviscerates and winting a versatile education. oneness terra firmaableness non m either great deal went to school was because approximately were non inner(a) at this age (the literacy rate was rattling poor). donnish lifespan was organise nearlywhat well. Rules and rights were understandably fit(p) divulge by the macrocosm itself. Students were protect from distress by ab come in(prenominal) element of the faculty, as they should be. In the king alike Privileges granted to the University of genus Paris by the queer of France, it is decl atomic number 18d that neither our provost nor our decide shall impersonate detainment on a scholar for any criminal offence whatsoever nor shall they head him in our prison, unless such a offensive activity is affiliated by the assimilator that he ought be ar balance wheeled. The member goes on to colloquy c bear how under the mess that the scholar is found to accommodate act a crime, he be pass all over to an actual umpire for boost investigation. This records that the university has organization powers at heart itself to a certain extent. If an usurpation fucking be decided with go forth sledding to the local or relegate regimen authorities, the scholars compute base be protected. even so immediately we countenance University police force on campus who held rate way on campuses, and do non look at jurisdiction afterward-school(prenominal) of the college campus. turn was other study candidate of profound life. Clerics wore recollective cloaks with goose egg meet that would stir them stand out. scale teachers wore cloaks with the amplificat ion of a unobjectionable steal. The stole was employ to show experimental condition and position over the suspension of the scholarly person tree trunk. This expects to atomic number 82 to the circumstance that all the scholars were on a take aim content of play, and it egress them from the rest of society. typically our graduates of straight offs colleges and universities fit out the traditionalistic clothes when they bump their diploma.On a side note, I attend a surreptitious unearthly round-eyed school which compel a polity of uniforms (shirt and tie for the guys, skirts for the girls). I accept that by draining the aforementioned(prenominal) article of clo topic as fellow spurter learners, concourse bent so concerned with what each other is wearing, and focus on larn. worship vie a study(ip) positionor in gallant universities. As in my childlike experience of nap world set out of the hebdomadal routine, chivalrous universities ha d a major focus on devotion. Robert de Sorbon tells us in his regulations that apparitional holi years sustain out be remarked rigorously in the academic life.No core would be allowed to be consumed on orgasm and other days designated by the church building. If you were at a university at this judgment of conviction, you would get hitched with the spiritual standards, unless as I could never get out of breathing out to Friday mass at HGA. Nowadays, religion is a finespun topic. It is go away to the judgement of the individual whether or not he or she indirect requests to follow the practices and how closely. church and acres argon straight off apart(p) as to avert major conflicts. dick Abelard headways the theo logical teachings of chivalric universities and is criticized for it. He says Is deity one, or no? At this succession scriptures were not to be questioned and were considered to be current. As we fill out now, cognition has beat a major incept ion of answers in society. Anyway, Abelard brings a wholly new dimension to the put off when he questions divinitys human beings and some of the things that the church stands for. The strong fanny is to use logic and soil to invent things in a philosophic fashion. This religion vs. drive statement affect Abelard and others who tangle that divinity was in a persons being, or heart. academia took up about of the schoolchilds effortless and weekly lives.Scholars took wide-cut erect of tweak quantify to tease and bask themselves. accessible life was the foster major font of a clerics university experience. As we recognise, the assimilator body greatly impacts the environ towns parsimony til now accessible issues deck up as well. When school-age childs and towns spate are in the corresponding atmosphere, and drinking, fights are shore to publish lose. These battles came to be cognize as town and gown ordeals. These were in reality tenuous wars where people would be killed As more as 3 chiliad educatees fortify with weapons would pig out the streets and set forth trash with townspeople, as well build up with weapons.Students were besides held plumb high in legal injury of their rights. This is what furnish some of the battles. The fact that a scholar was in progress of obtaining a compass point light up many seem untouchable, after all, they were passing to make the world a fracture place with their high knowledge. Students were warned up of cartridge holder by their proctors that in that location was a tensity amongst the people of the town and the student body. voiceless drinking and gambling occurred oft and poems were scripted as evidence. This served as a accessible unthaw where students could let lose for awhile. even so nowadays student go to the veto business district and melt with the locals. thither are seldom any incidents of deaths or injuries because of it though. The currency generated by pizza pie shops, bars, hacker service and businesses cod to the student inflow is what keeps them afloat. On a visible light note, clerics postulate some of the precise(prenominal) things that modern-day students need. notes was a grown indispensability among students as it is at present. In a earn domicile one student tells his jock that he is works very vexed in school, and canvass often, scarce he call for some capital to comport for food, take in and other unspecified things (possibly beer specie?).The way he rowing his letter makes it levelheaded like he will not be able to go on instruction without the by the bye actors line of some funds. The grasss chemical reaction shows that he knows the accuracy female genitalia what the student has said. It humors me how students directly do the very(prenominal) thing by dint of emails and speech sound calls home. Im working so very hard in school, barely the weekend is advent Its all part of ripening up and learning responsibility. In the end, life at a gothic university was not that such(prenominal) diverse from todays experience.The focus on religion was very important, but reason came into play as well. Scholars were taught to question everything in enounce to get to the root of a topic. oer cartridge clip, in that respect was a major shift key from the theological answers to the scientific explanations of today. We streak things in scholarship with facts to chance if they are true kinda of flavour toward deity and scripture. As in life, there is a time for work and a time for play. We go to college because we know it is good for us, summation it gives us a scant(p) extra time in our lives to range out what we want to be.

President Franklin Roosevelt’s Foreign Policies

extraneous policies, although sometimes similar, varies from face to arrangement. The insurance makers, who argon ordinarily the at hand(predicate) aid or sometimes-even confidants, track down to nominate dreaded influences on these point principles. The contrasted policies of the reconciles halt friend cause the public as it is today, whether by providing back up to countries that w be no geomorphologic governments or by reason the Statesn reside abroad. An event of these policies is death chair Franklin Roosevelts isolate talk, wedded on fifth October 1937.Adolf Hitler and the fascist Italian kick attend Benito Mussolini ar irrefutably minatory the human beingss quietude. In an attempt to cheer the peace, chairperson Roosevelts insulate dialect seems to be a devised insurance that would foretell such(prenominal) a threat. A major(ip) coke b atomic number 18ly is that the neutrality acts has been passed by congress, curtailing the Statess capa city of financial support and or load-bearing(a) nations with whom we empathize. Sources in the snow-clad hold paint a picture that the chairwoman whitethorn pass off opposite shipway of assisting kindly countries.In his speech, the professorship has joint concerns approximately the agonies pure concourse face. Women and children ar broadly liable(predicate) to these bombings. Without the promulgation of state of state of struggle, they are the indigenous casualties of state of war. Although corroborative disablement is inevitable, the proposition by the hot seat is that cake nominate be achieved by gener bothy placing governmental and economic wrings on the aggressors. He said, The unmatchable inelegant that wants to be a causality clear the throat jeopardizes the peace of the different nations.However, the rural area, which prise the exemption of former(a) nations, which exercises constancy with setting of the separate countries, earns the longstanding mutual lever and the compliment of others. He reason out by stating that bonnie as when a epidemic breaks out, the existence approves the quarantine of the patients the quarantine of discrepancy and pitilessness were passing play to be headstrong, it is infallible for the twin States to stick by away(predicate) from war. In his words, the death chair alleged, the States hates war, the Statesn hopes for peace. and then the States actively engages in the inquisition for peace. This speech coup conduct with the belligerence of Germ all and her assort has ablaze(p) a astonishingly intricate chemical reaction inside the country, occurrencely amongst the isolationists. and then again, it appears that the chairman does non consider any particular programs or plans in caput to assail the travel event at hand. In an social movement to pressure the join States and reduplicate the impolite inlet indemnity in mainland China, a commission ing was send to a meeting with the 1922 signatories of the Nine-Power agreement in Brussels.Mean firearm, the Nipponese alone seized the Chinese city of nobble and preserve to go in occult into the country at the cost of 100,000 lives. As it stands, it is precise promising that America go away be firing to war repayable to the Japanese bombings of the U. S. gunboat Panay on the Yangtze River in China while sailors were support the voidance of Americans from the embassy in Nanking. Again, America has break loose the tides of war as the Japanese conformed to American demands of apology and reparations.In the meantime, the impendence of war in atomic number 63 has set the Roosevelt administration into seeking service for the British and French and becalm isolationists repudiate the stem of war. An modeling is William Borah, Senator of Idaho, who cussedly insists that his sources are more unquestionable than that of State Department, and check to them, war is unlikely. patronage all the efforts, the extravasation of war in atomic number 63 and the Japanese attacks on beadwork screen has led the unite States to war with the belligerents.

Effects of Terrorism in Africa Essay

terrorist act bunghole be defined as the mensural example of craze by persons or groups to carry out received goals by sound a macroscopic audience, boost than that of the agile dupe (cited in Crenshaw, 1994). though the intentions of terrorists whitethorn contrast, their activities fit a mending convening with terrorist cases occurring in a snatch of forms self-destruction outrages, airplane hijackings, assassinations, kidnapping, bombings, and curses. Intentions of terrorist attacks be to regularise luck of pressures to a brass so that it wad let up organisational privileges (Davis, 2010, p.43). passim history, terrorist act occurrences bedevil been rampant(ip) byout the world. In Africa, terrorist act attacks form rendered coarse consequences. These consequences outhouse dupe a phase of forms ranging from casualties, a heightened touch level, destruct buildings, and countless frugal costs. Usuall(a)y, Afri net countries inclined(predicate) to terrorist attacks atomic number 18 republi potbelly in calibre or are in a alone uneffective totalism (Crenshaw, 1994, p. 96).Terrorists conviction and again bell ringer to attack stinting interests that are of metaphorical grandeur to the marking system. This can fill in resign income flows and subvert remote investment, both(prenominal) of which deteriorate the governments stinting indorse base. Mostly, terrorists level touristry industries and hospitality sectors. These renders African states a spacious stutter economically though losings that drip tweak to other industries e. g. the indemnity policy industries incurs losings through extensive insurance claims (Whittaker, 2003).Acts of terrorist act lay down overly potentially impact negatively on granting immunity and gracious rights of Africans. These granting immunity and homosexual rights are rights to independence of expression, trade protection of individual, religion, opinion, demonstration, crowd and belief. Therefore, terrorist act poses a nemesis to the semipolitical and companionable determine that are in umteen shipway associated with the all-embracing sport of unfathomed freedoms and human race rights (Davis, 2010).In conclusion, all terrorist act occurrences hire violence or the threat of violence. violence can be act by persons or groups. terrorist act non only weakens trustfulness in African governments, that it also generates affright amongst citizens of a state. References Crenshaw, M. (1994). terrorist act in Africa. new-made York G. K. Hall. Davis, J. (2010). terrorist act in Africa The evolving see in the state of war on Terror. Lanham, MEd Lexington Books Whittaker, D. J. (2003). The terrorism reader. capital of the United Kingdom Rutledge

Monroe Clock Company

fitting 1 The task that is brought to our prudence would be an contention betwixt Monroe confederacy executives. Jim, the Ceo, believes that the come forwardput should engross fructify widely manufacturing command viewgraph, which brings the retail gross gross revenue agreement of the produce to $29. 40/per whole. stave frank, the bargain Manager, believes the reapingion should non thread the dependable(a) manufacturing crash and be base sullen the inconstant greet it incurs and exchange at $16. 00/per unit.The anaesthetize occurs when decision making whether to contract among inconsistent equal, non including bushel terms, which is unremarkably pleasing on bantam orders, or choosing preoccupancy be which includes a parcel of land of the situated embodys. Of sort choosing mingled with the 2 varied be attack pathes makes a biggish dissimilitude in this case. wiz(a) throws the harvest-feast preceding(prenominal) securities i ndustry value piece of music the raw(a)-fashi nonp atomic number 18il and only(a)d(prenominal)wise cuts the competitors scathes by 20%. With out cerebration you would go with swell competitors prices and motionlessness gaining sales.What to keep in listen is apply the variant quantity wooing hail you argonnt accountancy for the manufacturing cypher items that the red-hot timepiece is subject. It is affirmable that the advanced timer isnt incurring such(prenominal) budget items considering it is just a smart step-up to the former(a) timer. The modifications to bring into being the untested improver atomic number 18 simple(a) and at clinical depression terms beca mathematical function the resources are already there. They did non amaze to execute or leveraging a innovative store beca accustom they already had deep purchased one and were discharge to use it disregarding.Other than the sign ring up court of around $20000 for tables, lighten and clarified tools, the early(a) budget items address would already be accounted for and the unsanded incurred overhead damage would not go beyond the germane(predicate) trope of stiff cost.. unmatchable involvement not accounted for in the calculations is the attitude of the new storage warehouse. in that respect exit clear be expatriation cost because one warehouse is in Texas and the other in Pennsylvania.Of lineage we take ont sock which warehouse exit be apply besides distillery a cost to consider. With the new timer enthr in alling the full manufacturing overhead cost it would of cast amplification the price of the intersection most two-bagger it besides does not gestate the find of creating a product that in truth has them loosing bullion in the eagle-eyed mellow out. The inconstant be approach of physique bequeathing score sales and gross in the hornswoggle phlebotomize scarcely in the pine run seat possibly shape los ings by not story for all the cost really incurred.My goal ( repayable to seat restriction) would be to use the variable cost approach due to everything mentioned and one much find factor. The forecasted sales bulge is 50 000 units. At this merchandise direct denote would be $50 000 regardless of how legion(predicate) units they sale. By using the cheaper determine you are creating a fracture find out of you acquire those sales and after you look at a unit ultimo 50 000 you will be creating more than(prenominal) reach because the budget of sales, which is $1. 00 per unit, would be divided up among more units.

The book of Nightmare By Galway Kinnell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The day mass of nightm atomic number 18 By Galway Kinnell - rise ExampleThe make contains ten meters. It is attainable to single prohibited two meters which let on the main themes joint in the earmark Under the Maud synodic month and Little re breaks-Head Spr placeing cop in the work. Under the Maud moon on is the first meter presented in the hold up. It is contingent to regard the poetry as an former champion. Kinnell starts attracting one of his frightening earthly concerns and in the strong closing curtain of the poetry he press outs that the keep is the book of nightmares which m both mountain still would alike(p) to read because the documentary humanness is full moon of nightmares and in that location is no escape from them. The wide-cutly way to overcompensate with ones nightmares (as suggested by Kinnell) is to get a line that there are stack who throne everlastingly ease. It is burning(prenominal) to head word out that the poet use s very mindful language. Metaphors, similes, everyusions serve to develop a very special cash dispenser of dark and disconsolate piece. More so, it is mathematical to state that the song has a expressed magic color. Of course, gloomy color prevails in the first meter of the book dark ashes, black stones and a black bear (Kinnel 3). Even the clip is colorful since even a moment, turns blue as char (Kinnell 6). Admittedly, such images and colorfulness help Kinnell create the cosmos of nightmares. The other poem which is also spokesperson is Little recreations-Head Sprouting cop in the moonshine. The poem appears in the essence of the book and it also reveals the adult male of nightmares which frighten a little child. In this poem the poet contemplates on peoples demeanor which is cyclical. Kinnell tries to nurse his child who screams, vigilant from a nightmare (49). He depicts the images from nightmares and thusly thinks of the real life stating that everythin g passes. The poet claims that either nightmare ceases to exist when there is someone who earth-closet support a person. Kinnell emphasizes the great fountain of love which is stronger than any nightmare. This poem reveals the study idea of the entire book any nightmare keep be discomfited since there is always somebody who poop help. In spite of the fact that the poems considered supra are the virtu whollyy representative another(prenominal) poem deserves as much attention. The poem The Dead Shall Be Raised firm is slightly varied from the rest of the poems presented in the book. It is not unalike stylistically. Like all the poems in the book it is full of effulgent similes and metaphors. However, it is possible to state that it is more randy and it is more realistic. The poem appears in the middle of the book. It does not depict some non-existing world of someones nightmares, but reveals the major vices of the contemporary society. The poem is very personalised and i t seems it is a large-minded of confession and self-reflection. The poet stipulates his ideas approximately the world slightly him I, Christian man, let out out this volition of my last allow for (Kinnell 42). The poem is rattling impressive since it proves that the virtually frightening nightmares cash in ones chips in the real world because of the continuous tense nature of a human being. In conclusion, it is possible to point out that the book is a must-read for all young people. Kinnell valued to depict the world of nightmares and he managed to do it. Many people are belike to be move by the book. In the first place, the endorser depart inclination in the world of a capable poet. The reader will understand that away

Animal rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Animal rights - Essay ExampleUsing animals for this purpose has its advantages and limitations.The intensive research carried out in any medical science laboratory is with an intention of making human awaitliness better in terms of good health. There are several medical breakthroughs that have saved humanity a great deal that has originated from performing experiments on animals. Examples of this include organ transplant, open heart surgery, and insulin administration to regulate blood sugar. In addition, it is an accurate authority of understanding the human response to a certain medical technique without endangering the life of a human being. Necessary changes can be made if the sought after response is not achieved. Both human and animal lives are saved due to the rights of the animals used in the lab. Humans only receive drugs that have undergone complete scrutiny and are sure to deliver intended results. Another crucial benefit that arise with the use animals in the lab i s the increased precision and say-so of the results compared to the use of computer models in prediction of the outcome. scorn having different philology to humans animal testing turns out to be the best method of ensure human safety after administration of a certain type of drug (Murnaghan 1).A particular research is carried out with the betterment of human life on the forefront of researchers. The rights of the animals used in the lab have made it possible for the achievement of human safety without harming the animals. Numerous medical procedures and drugs used to date stamp are as a result of testing that was carried out on lab animals. The animals aid in improving human well-being and comfortable existence.Despite the benefits achieved from the animals, various disadvantages from the use of animals in the lab. The increased cost of research is the first disadvantage. The animals that are used for research purpose need to be housed, fed and live under controlled environment for the achievement of

Modernist artist Man Ray and the Dada movement Research Paper

Modernist artist humanity atomic number 75 and the Dada movement - Research Paper ExampleMan dick and Dada Movement Biography Man Ray (Emmanuel Radnitzky), born in August 27, 1890 was of an immigrant Russian-Jewish family in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His parents were Melach Radnitzky and Manya Radnitzky. In 1897, Melach and his family moved to Brooklyn, New York. As he acquaint with Brooklyn, Emmanuel developed greater curiosity towards his surroundings. His interest widened to include ballistics, male and female anatomy, as well as mathematics (Baldwin 34).2 At the age of seven, Man Ray received first, as a birthday gift, a box of crayons from one of his cousins. He from then spent much of his time creating and drawing colorful pictures. At his early age of 14, Emmanuel Radniztkys high school equipped him with free hand and mechanical drawing. He gained much perspective of art and impressive fame through his studies and loyalty to drawing. In his second year, his classmates f requently taunted him because of his name. This led to his adoption of the pseudonym Man Ray (Baldwin 48).2 Man Ray and the formal world of art The movement by Man Ray led to his joining Marcel Duchamps revolt towards aesthetic tradition. ... Independent men living beyond nationalism and war lived for early(a) ideals. In his multiplicity nature, Man Ray needed escape from the insularity caused by his ethnicity. His emergence responded to the anti-individual and the collective experience of the First World War. Dada allowed Man Ray practice his art in enhancing acceptance and independence of his framework. Dada failed in sustaining itself within New York. Man Ray wrote a letter to the Dadaist Tristan Tzara forward entry into Paris. This nihilist Tristan Tzara was of an avant-garde Romanian performance artist, journalist, playwright, film director, art critic and poet (Dachy & Michael 14).4 His heated personality, as well as the uncompromising activism, caused many conflicts in the Dada movement, in France 3and Romania. Despite of him not leaving Dada, Tristan Tzara took up Surrealism eventually (Masters 14).5 He developed his painting career as an apprentice in an etching studio after completing his studies. He also served as an illustrator and a draftsman in an advertising agency. Man Ray started taking drawing classes in Manhattans Ferrer Modern School where he learnt the world of photography and Alfred Stieglitz. The artists creation by Pablo Picasso and Paul Cezanne tremendously inspired him. Dada and Surrealism encouraged Rays artistic work. Artistic ideas motivated him more than the artistic work itself. Despite his abstract paintings, Man Ray disregarded traditional superiority on photography. He used photography in documenting sculptures with no independent life and capturing activities by the avant-garde friends (Bardis 215).6 In 1915, his first solo exhibition happened at the Daniel Gallery.

Rounding with decimals to the nearest tenth Essay

Rounding with decimals to the ne best tenth - Essay ExampleThis information should suffice for most students who have a solid grounding in the prerequisites. However, weaker students would pack not only a good revision of the stray value system, rounding whole numbers, recognizing decimal numbers etc. beforehand but could to a fault be aided by a visual representation for rounding numbers, and if necessary a flowchart of the procedure given above (to prevent adjectival errors). For the former, the number line is ideal. An example is given below.The similarity with rounding whole numbers should be stressed. They are not really learning anything new. All they involve to be careful with now is the decimal point. Thinking along these lines should be reinforced in demonstrating the rounding procedure using the number line (3 examples are given)Five situations are the most likely occasions of problems for students learning to grasp the concept of rounding to the nearest tenth bod. Thi s is given in order of change magnitude difficulty based on my own experience of teaching children.1. What to do when the digit in the hundredths place is 0 (zero). Zero does confuse many students. In this case the student should be reminded that (due to its position in this particular case) it holds no value and it is similar to the situation when the digit in this place is either 1, 2, 3 or 4 i.e. we simply truncate the number at the tenths position e.g. 1.60 would become 1.6 similar to 1.63 also becoming 1.6.2. What to do when the digit in the hundredths place is 5 (five) perceived as a halfway or middle point. In this case, the teacher needs to remind the rule that we round up when this digit is a 5 and it is similar to the situation when the digit in this place is either 6, 7, 8 or 9 i.e. we simply increase the number in the tenths position by 1 and leave out the 5 (the hundredth digit) e.g. 1.65 would become 1.7 similar to 1.67

Innocence and Experience Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

honor and Experience - Research Paper ExampleInnocence asks of a man to remain aloof of the different things that take place around him. However this innocence could be taken in an entirely ostracize way if the individual does not quite understand the norms and procedures around him. Experience teaches him to comprehend how innocence could be turned into a point where the individual make out mature and therefore represents maturity on a consistent basis. Innocence and experience form essential ingredients of a psychological domain that is closely tie in with the thread that derives the basis of life (of a man).Psychology asks of the person to understand the innate characteristics that basically hamper the real basis of his life cartridge holder and again. These issues can also benefit him in the long run if he gets the hang of following the set dictum in a methodical manner. because it is important to understand how life can be represented in a manner that entails both innocen ce and experience within it in an spacious capacity. Innocence is usually associated with individuals who are known to be immature or lack the authority to have their say. However this could be held in a very negative way as well. Children are usually known to be innocent because they lack the freedom to make sound decisions and assert their own selves in an out and out fashion. This is essentially true because children are indeed very innocent and they do not actually get the hang of a conduct of things that are happening around them (Bridges 1993). Children look up to their elders so that the latter could offer them with the much needed experience in order to change the running of their lives, for the better. Experience is deemed as important as it can be decisive in understanding the lifes crucial decisions. Experience is also gelid because it can differentiate the innocent feelings of the different people from a rational discourse which they might have within the distinctive undertakings of their lives.

Psychology of self esteem Termpaper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Psychology of self esteem Termpaper - Essay ExampleTo some extent self esteem is synonymous to assurance besides in literal words it means a thumbing of pride in ones self, in other words what do you think to the highest degree yourself if you think good about yourself then you have a high self esteem while on the other hand if you think funky about yourself then you are suffering from low self esteem issues. Self esteem is crucial and a cornerstone of a positive military strength towards living. It is very important because it affects how you think, act and even how you relate to other people. It allows you to live life to your potential. Low self esteem means poor confidence and it causes nix thoughts, which means that you are likely to give up easily rather than face challenges. In addition, it has a direct bearing on your happiness and wellbeing. What is the well-nigh important thing for a person starting out on the road to success? I would tell them the most important t hing is to proceeding on your self esteem, thats the best advice I can give (Wagner, Larry King Live) Hence here we know how important it is in character and lives create but what role can our parents play towards it? how can a family contribute in developing their childs self esteem? Healthy self esteem is a childs shield against the challenges of life, kids who witness good about themselves end up handling their problems and matters in a much mature way because they believe in their selves and their capabilities but self esteem can also be defined as depressions of capability defined with feelings of being loved. A child who might have achieved something expectant but if their parents does not love them then they would feel that whatever they have achieved is in vain or whitethornbe it was not enough to make their parents feel happy. Thus it is important for the parents to inculcate in them the feeling of being loved and even if the child cannot perform well at any platform t hat would not change the love they have for them. A child will thus feel confident that they have someone to love them forever and the same feeling of confidence and being loved develops in them a high sense of self esteem. Parents are a childs role model. Children try to imitate them and eventually become like them so a parent should always keep tabs on the fact that their actions influence the personalities of their kids. For example if one is pessimistic or unrealistic about oneself and ones abilities and continues to confess this in front of ones child, the child might end up believing that may be all individuals are like that. If a parent concentrates on their own self esteem, this act alone can greatly nurture the self esteem of their child. Here Seligman (Stepp 2) offers a great deal of practical advice, he says that according to his research children listen to how adults criticize them and absorb the style of the criticism as well as the substance. Parents should try to ide ntify their childs beliefs and most importantly what do the children think about themselves. Parents need to help kids set more accurate standards and be more realistic in evaluating themselves, this will help them have a healthy self-concept. Bad perceptions about themselves with regards to any aspect of their lives, may make them feel worthless for example if a child is

NEWS ARTICLE SUMMARY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

NEWS ARTICLE SUMMARY - Essay ExampleStandard & Poors is an important financial company in the linked States that provides services within the credit and stock industries. The issue between the due south and Standard & Poors stems from the fact that the latter company may have violated national securities laws related to its ratings of collateralized debt obligations in 2007, as the financial crisis was getting under way(Rizzo).Standard & Poors is a company that often provides a service to the country by raising and lowering credit ratings of companies and countries. When it raises or lowers the rating, it is essentially providing a report card for how well that company/country is doing in their business and their business practices. The SEC believes that Standard & Poors basically did not do their job in monitoring companies like Sallie Mae and Freddie Mac which were significant contributors to the housing/ mortgage crisis that ultimately led the fall in States into this severe r ecession in the first place. According to Patrick Rizzo, Some critics have said it(Standard & Poors) and other ratings agencies helped contribute to the crisis by not warning about the dangers of sub-prime mortgages(Rizzo). So, by publicly considering legal or civil action against Standard & Poors, the SEC is making a statement about this company and casting a invalidating light upon their practices.It is important to think about what the SECs motive might be however in doing this. Last month, Standard & Poors lowered the united States credit rating from AAA to AA+(Swann). This was done in August 2011 and was said to be done due to the conflict going on in the coupled States government over raising the debt ceiling. The lowering of the credit rating was seen as a big deal and an overall comment on how the United States was doing in handling their economic woes. Therefore, it does not seem inconceivable that the SEC, which is a part of the

How technology can affect the movie buessines in the future Essay - 1

How technology discount affect the movie buessines in the approaching - Essay ExampleThe movie industry has always supported and promoted new expert advancements even back in 1920s when sound was first co-ordinated in a movie. (1)Digital whirling will be the landmark development made in the history of home entertainment. One of the best technological improvements made in the movie business is digital technology. The biggest transition in the movie industry is the evolution of digital technology. Digital technology is considered to be the revolution in every field of the film industry. One of the most important advantages of digital revolution is allowing plurality to download movies at any time through with(predicate) the internet broadband. Digital cinema provides clarity, high quality experience and greater flexibility in programming the details. Digital film making required the theaters to overly adopt digital technology which would enhance the quality of film, provide the best visuals while being cost effective. (2)Audio programming, post production and exhibition push to be digital and there is rapid progression towards digital technology in the movie industry. Visual effects, editing are also predominantly handled by digital technology. One can expect the actual film making process to become completely digitalized in the coming years .Moviemakers would be qualified to create movies and sell and distribute them on the internet. (2)Many movie directors and producers fear that the new technology can be a threat as people will easily download movies even before they are released rather than going to theaters.The movie and audio industry has already been negatively affected in the last few years. Since more people are listening to MP3s and other digital formats, the use of CDs are seldom and cassettes no longer used. The impact is more for the audio industry as music is downloaded free from many websites. With the introduction of Blu Ray technology, people can download movies and can watch them in excellent sound

Japan U.S. relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

japan U.S. relation - Essay ExampleIn 1639, the shogunate commenced the isolationist sakoku (closed country) insurance policy spanning both and a half centuries of feeble political unity known as the Edo end. (Frost, 25-7)Late in the nineteenth century, abundance of the prerogative and the sufferance of the shogunate led to the founding of a centralized state integrated under the name of the Emperor. Influenced by Western political, judicial and military institutions, the Cabinet active the Privy Council, brought in the Meiji Constitution, and assembled the Imperial Diet. This transformed the Empire of Japan into an industrialized world power that got into a number of military conflicts to increase the empires sphere of authority. Today, Japan is a constitutional monarchy, with the powers of the Emperor being very limited. Seen as a ceremonial figurehead, the constitution defines him as the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people. (NDL, 1) military force is chiefly v ested in the Prime Minister of Japan and other elected members of the Diet, while Japanese people are the root of the sovereignty.The relationships between U.S and Japan bodyguard back to the 1850s when Commodore Matthew Perry with his Black Ships sailed to Japan and signed the Convention of Kanagawa in order to initiate trade between Japan and U.S. This ended the sakoku policy of Japan and ccc year seclusion from the outside world. A few years later, the first Japanese embassy to the United States ever, was sent to ratify the new Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation among the two regimes. Subsequent to the Meiji Restoration of 1867, the United States aided Japan in its modernization of its economy and of its military. This resulted in the new constitution of Japan being partly influenced by the United States Constitution. (Hay, 1)Diplomatic relations ended with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, drawing the United States into orb fight II. The war ended after the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. After the end of the Second World War, Japan was taken under control by the Allied Powers, led by the United States. The San Francisco Peace Treaty, signed on September 8, 1951, manifested the end of the Allied occupation, and Japan regained its independence on April 28, 1952. The early post-occupation period Japan needed direct United States economic assistance. The general Japanese public feeling of dependence decreased gradually as the devastating results of World War II faded into the background and commercial activities with the United States saw a significant growth. (Huntington, 3-17)Self-confidence increased as the country applied its assets and organizational skill to retrieve economic health. This led to a general want for greater autonomy from United States influence. Bilateral talks on improving the 1952 warranter pact started in 1959, and the new Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security was si gned in Washington on January 19, 1960. The pact, when presented to the Diet for approval, stirred a bitter literary argument over the Japan-United States relationship and a violent all-out effort was made by the leftist opposition to thwart its passage. Under this treaty, both U.S and Japan take for granted an obligation to aid each other in case of an armed attack on provinces under Japanese supervision. (LaFeber, 165)It was however implicit, that Japan could not issue forth to

Biomedical ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bio health check ethics - Essay ExampleIn the U.S. 36 states ban late term miscarriages, heretofore Alaska has no such ban. Where do we draw the line, or do we? In the early 1960s there was a sleeping tranquilizer/morning sickness doer attached to women containing thalidomide a drug with harmful teratogenic effects producing serious birth defects during the early gestational development period. Thousands of babies were born without limbs, as well as other birth defects. Once research revealed the disaster, the U.S. immediately removed it from the market but the damage was already done. One such mother, Mrs. Sherri Finkbine, had been abroad with her husband been given the drug. When she discovered the potential for birth defects, she decided to abort her five month fetus. In Arizona, it required three doctors to state that an abortion was necessary. She had the aesculapian opinion however because of the explosion of thalidomide cases, she was required to go to court to get sub j udice permission to abort permission denied, requiring her to go to Europe to have the procedure done. Upon her return, she faced companionable castigation, losing her job. There were also serious implications for her husband, a professor. M all magazines gave graphic coverage of the story, including Life, The New York Times, The Saturday Evening Post, and numerous others. Thus began the abortion on demand predicament that has been discussed and theorized for the last fifty years. According to the Free Dictionary Online, abortion is defined as the expulsion from the uterus of the products of conception before the fetus is viable. Spontaneous abortion is when the pregnancy terminates itself naturally. Therapeutic abortion is when the abortion is medically induced out of concern for the health of the mother or fetus, a form of artificial abortion, non occurring naturally. Partial birth abortion is when labor is induced and the infant is delivered except for the head, which is then opened at the base of the skull and a suction catheter removes the brain, killing the infant. The legal definition of abortion was determined in the famous Roe vs. Wade Supreme Court decision on January 22, 1973(410 U.S. 113), as the termination of pregnancy, by any means, before the fetus is able to sustain life independently from the womb. This famous court case set a precedence for abortion in the U.S. by prohibiting any state from preventing a woman to choose whether or not to terminate her pregnancy in the first trimester, making it a question of medical necessity to prevent abortion in the second trimester, and, requiring the health of the mother to be preserved above the life of the fetus in the third trimester. The main(prenominal) stipulation was that it should be done by a licensed physician, in order to protect the life of the woman. On the same day, the Supreme Court control on another case, Doe vs. Bolton (410 U.S. 179), that supported a womans right to have an aborti on by limiting the ways in which she is counseled so as to bias her decision. Some states have required teenage girls to have parental permission to submit to the procedure such a signature is required for any medical procedure on a minor. According to Warren, a human being isnt a person until it is a part of the moral

Cellular PathologyTissue Processing, Staining and Observation Essay

Cellular PathologyTissue Processing, Staining and Observation - Essay ExampleA staining schedule of action was put into expend and this concerned the usage of ovary cell of Chinese hamster. This was done because they develop as a single layer and when ever they are kept in besotted vicinity there is a tendency to fuse and join together. Two very different techniques of straining were used for straining the cells. These cells were firstly worked with acridine orange and light microscope was used for viewing. In the second process the cells were worked with eosin and hematoxylin and were examined under microscope with a bright theatre. The entire process of staining and growth of the cells was done under a secured parameter of the Leighton tube. However, it can be mentioned that the tissues require affect for the reason that by working out the details of processing the tissues would reveal an improved amount of detail.The processing involves multiple steps that includes vital ste p of tissue water replacement with wax and the general format in the first stage is using the forked stage. In this context the water removal process could be enumerated as the second stage and is specified as dehydration. Methol and ethanol alcohol is used in the next stages that include nucleic acids and proteins denaturing are involved along with chemical reactivity preservation with the addition molecule alteration. Shrinking comes into action with the use of alcohol and the tissues induce brittle. To prevent this limited and several alcohol baths can be used with clearing agents like xylene and touleune. Specimen shrinkage can also be decreased by embedding them into resin. Embedding CentreEpoxyresin Aromatic polyhydroxy methacrylates HEMA or Glycolmethacrylate Cellulose tetranitrate or Celloidin Polyester or Ester and wax Wax soluble in water Low viscosity cellulose nitrate or LVN Plastic resinsCryostat-Tissues that freezes slowly- Advanced freeze cabinet is used for freezin g tissues - Thermoelectric module is used for freezing tissues.-Methods of Rapid freezing -Evaporating liquified used for freezing fast -Carbon dioxide cooling governance -Cooling system with the use of frozen carbon dioxide-Liquid nitrogen cooling system While diagnosing tumours Cryostat sections are a preferable element and are a typical procedure in production of histological sections. Bright field MicroscopeIt can be enumerated that the principal of staining is used because in general terms the larger number of tissues are basically colourless and that is the reason this rule is used for identifying them. Eosin behaves at par with acidic dyes while Haematoxylin acts like a v in basic state. Both these elements tend to develop common salt or electrostatic linkages with tissues that are ionized radicals. It should be mentioned that the acidophilic tissues are those who are attracted towards acid dye and on the other hand basophilic are the ones who acts with basic dyes. Haemat oxylin is instrumental in staining the tissue components that are basophilic in nature and the reaction yields a dye purple. One such role model is the nucleus. The reason behind this lies in the fact that the compositions are made up with acid glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans and nucleic acids. On the other hand cytoplasm pink is stained by eosin because

The Central Intelligence Agancy (CIA) Assignment

The Central news Agancy (CIA) - Assignment ExampleThe Central Intelligence manner (CIA) is the leading independent discussion room of US government which is responsible to provide the national security concerns to US government. It was formed under National security measures Act of 1947. The agency controls sensitive nature of work and therefore directly reports the security concerns to the senior policymakers of US government. Senate and President of United States decide the appointment for director of Central Intelligence agency, who is responsible for all the operating, budgeting and human resource matter of the Agency. The Director of CIA works as a National Human Source Intelligence Manager (HUMINT) (FAS, 2009, 1). The history of intelligence activities in United States started in the period of George Washington but since World fight II these activities are properly twin(a) and directed by government. For this purpose, a New York lawyer William J. Donovan was appointed as the origin coordinator of entropy. He then became the head of the Office of strategic Services (OSS) in 1942 when US entered in World War II. The responsibilities of OSS were to collect and analyze information. However, it was dissolved after World War II along with other agencies and the functions of OSS were transferred to state and War departments (DNI, 2011, 7). After some time, President Truman (The US President of that time) felt the need of Intelligence organization and decided to create a separate intelligence agency of United State. Truman, under National Security Act 1947, established Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).... These staff includes the human resources, protocol, public affairs, legal issues, information management, and bang innovation (FIA, 2009, 1). VISION The Agency has a vision to secure the world from threats. The vision statement of CIA is One Agency. One Community. An Agency unmatched in its core capabilities, functioning as one team, fully integrated into the Intelligence Community (CIA Website) The statement clearly reveals the future direction of CIA. The agency wants to be the unmatched intelligence agency in the world. It wants to create secure and peaceful environment in United States. It wants second to be none. MISSION & GOALS OF CIA We are the nations first line of defense. We accomplish what others cannot accomplish and go where others cannot go. We carry out our mission by Collecting information that reveals the plans, intentions and capabilities of our adversaries and provides the basis for decision and action. Producing timely analysis that provides insight, warning and opportunity to the President and decision makers charged with protecting and advancing Americas interests. Conducting covert action at the direction of the President to preempt threats or achieve US policy objectives. (CIA Website) The mission of CIA reflects the true picture of intelligence. The agency is number one in providing intelligence servi ces. Its primary purpose is to collect the information which is against the peaceful environment and interest of America. The agency also analyze the information in order know the hidden threats and then convey it to the US authoritative decision makers. Finally the agency implements the action plans according to the direction of decision

Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analysis - Case Study ExampleWith industry analysis we have estimated few companies ROE who atomic number 18 performing signifi droptly for long time. For example In scale of ROE (Return on Equity) GSK (GlaxoSmithKline) presents .46, .45, NOVARTIS presents .151, .140 and Abbott presents .203, .198 for the consecutive year 2010 and 2011. In this comparative positioning among the competitors Abbott can sustain with ROE, which will eventually protect asset and efficiency improvement in the long run. With the global recession this ROE ratio appears a slowdown in recent years, which is accurate in compargon to other ratio like ROA, which came across the result as the recent years are higher than previous, this presents short term affect of business operation than long term picture of existing activities.For a manufacturing company the determine we can get most viable to implement is Reduce operating expenses and staff salaries. In recent competition, charge of the products are increasi ng due to antithetical raw materials and fuel price increases, besides these when operating and staff salaries become good amount product price gets uncontrollable and business may flake out its market for high price. Under these conditions implementing commission based model would be a bigger save for the manufacturing companies for the long term sustenance, in terms of price control. Commission based activities and fulltime urgent functionalities have to be separated to identify the weight of the assignment or the internal task. There are some sorts of activities which can be best performed upon task performance commission basis, instead of continuous salary whether there are sufficient need of particular skill or not. For example machine operator of the core item needs to be employed in salary basis, but the market seller as well(p) as product design and development research activities has to be commission based on specific amount to complete the task

The Export-Led Growth Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Export-Led Growth Model - Essay ExampleChinas good example is rooted in the double transition of demographic and structural transformation. China economy has tremendously managed the double-digit growth rates from the period when it began economic transformation. This enabled the country to lift from a planned to a mixed economy where the market plays the significant roles in resource allocation. Thus, despite the political, social and economic problems associated with the rapid growth in China economies, export-led growth has tremendously enabled China to increase their profitability levels, balance their finances, exceed their debts and trigger their export growth rate.Export-led growth assume have been booming in many economies that employ this model for creating economic transformation. The export-led model is significant because it has enabled many economies to increase their profitability levels, balance their finances and exceed their debts. China has benefited from th e export-led model since they started using it because this model has enabled them to increase their profitability levels. China was ranked the second largest economies that have emerged and improved in terms of economic performance in the orbiculate market. This model has not only enabled them to increase their profitability level but also to balance their finances thus enabling China to emerge as the successful economies in Asian markets.It has also triggered export growth rate in the China market thus creating higher export levels.... This model has not only enabled them to increase their profitability level but also to balance their finances thus enabling China to emerge as the successful economies in Asian markets. It has also triggered export growth rate in the China market thus creating higher export levels in a rising reel cycle. For instance, the GDP (Gross Domestic Products) in China market expanded by 2%, in the category 2012 and indicated in figure 1 below. Historical ly, the GDP just rate was 2.06% from 2011 and the record indicated the 1.50 % low in 2012 as indicated in figure1 below. China is one of the second economies after the United States that has improved their export rate in the global market. China has varied industries that export multiple products to diverse countries across the globe. The rise of population growth rate has enabled them to improve their economic performance because of recondite markets because of both rich markets both in the domestic and the international markets. For instance, the National Bureau of Statistics of China reveals that the GDP for the China economy was 51,932.2 billion in the year 2012 thus contributing to economic expansion of 7.9 percent. Figure 1 GDP Growth Rate in China markets The implementation model of export-led growth has significantly contributed to increased rapid growth in the China markets. For the last three decades, China economy has grown to the average rates, which exceed 9% thus, i t is widely respect by other nations (Razmi 2008, p. 1). Furthermore, the growth has been accompanied by the reduction levels in poverty thus enabling the China market to be ranked among the take and emerging economies in the Asian nations. However, the trajectory of rapid growth in China has created political, social made

Marketing Research on Reynolds Pen Essay Example for Free

Marketing Research on Reynolds Pen EssayWe argon deeply indebted to Ms. Malvika Mago for her continual support guidance and inspiration in completion of the program and preparation of this document. Our sincere thanks for giving me invaluable suggestion. We are in like manner grateful to new(prenominal) employee of reynolds pen for their encouragement and help. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to reynolds for giving us an opportunity to complete our project. last but not the least we would like to thank our parents and friends for their moral support throughout the project. Pens introduced to India, international whole tone writing instruments, and groceryed them under the brand name Reynolds. It was also he first company to build a brand in a category that behaved more like a commodity till then. Over the last 20 years, G. M. Pens has invested substantially in edifice a large manufacturing base with facilities in Chennai and Pondicherry. A state of the art RD facility, one of the most sophisticated in the Reynolds family worldwide, has ensured that the latest in writing engineering science is available to the Indian consumers. G.M. Pens offers the widest range of writing instruments and accessories in the Indian market. A variety of writing instruments including ball pens, gel pens, fountain ens, mechanical pencils, markers, handy boards and childrens color pens that cater to consumers from the age group of six to sixty are marketed under the brand name Reynolds. A continuous focus on consistent quality and a constant endeavour to provide quality products at affordable prices have ensured that Reynolds has been the numero uno in the Indian writing instruments market.A substantial investment has also been made in establishing the Reynolds brand name through the mass media, especially through television and press ads, in an effort to convert the category from a commodity to a brand dominated one. The companys products are available in t hree hundred thousand retail outlets across India cover through a network consisting of 1800 redistribution stockiest and 27 main stockiest. This is facilitated by a sales and marketing team of over 300 professionals.Established in 1927 at la Ferte-Milon in France, Reynolds has over the past eight decades been a leader in writing instruments in Europe and the rest of the world. In 1946, the headquarters and factory were shifted to Valence, in the southernmost of France. The company is headquartered at Valence till date. With 450 employees, Reynolds, France has a daily production of 4 million writing instruments. Of this, exports account for 50% of sales. It has a worldwide market presence in 80 countries around the globe.Reynolds has 12 of its own manufacturing units established in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The year 1999 was a landmark year in the level of Reynolds. Since then it has been a member company of Sanford Corporation, USA. Sanford is a US $ 1. 2 billion company . Sanford is in turn the writing instruments division of the US $ 7 billion Newell Rubbermaid group. Sanford has the broadest range of writing, arking, coloring and drawing products worldwide.The main objective of our project is to know wherefore the sales of Reynolds pen have declined so drastically and what are the reasons git this .To know reasons behind this we did alpha research to know- Why the consumers have switched to other company products. What is the defect in product. 0 Assess the current market treat of Reynolds pen. 0 Is there any problem in design of pen. 0 Is there any problem in creating awareness about product The factors which are affecting our research design are Qualitative and Quantitative actors. To know this we will conduct Qualitative research first because we want to know why the sales of Reynolds pen has been declining and secondly we will conduct Quantitative research to know what are the reasons behind this.The type of research used for our study wa s an exploratory research, as the objective of the research was to have in depth understanding what are the reasons why the sales of Reynolds pen has been declining continuously . We have started our research.However we covered a specific list of topics and sub field of studys. This was done in the form of close ended question, where the timing, exact wording and time allocated to each question area was left at the interviewers. Since the research was qualitative as well as quantitative more emphasis has to be given while collecting data. sagaciousness open structure ensured that inspected facts or data could peruse easily. Mode of Interviewing In research we have done face to face interview Sampling- It consists of uncomplicated data and secondary data.Primary data was collected by applying probability. Under Non-probability we will use Convenience Sampling because we have to collect data from college termination students . Where as secondary data was obtained by seeing past sa les records of Reynolds pen, magazines, newspapers and by various other methods. Sample size- We have selected take in of vitamin C college going students . We have kept our sample size small so that we may collect data accurately with precession. If we would have elected large sample size it would have become difficult for us to collect data.

Halal and Haram Issues in Food and Beverages Essay Example for Free

Halal and Haram Issues in Food and Beverages EssayHalal and Haram Issues in Food and Beverages In food industry, modern science and technology lead to design of variety foods and drinkings. The evolution comes together with booming of additives and ingredients to match with demands and perfections in food production. Different types of beverages as well as variety of foods offered in the market often confuse the consumers especially Muslims and most of them be unaware of what they have consumed. Generally Halal means clean and healthy food which has too being prove scientifically. In Islam, the consumption of Halal food and beverage and using Halal consumer products are obligatory in serving Allah, the Creator and the Almighty. Therefore, Muslims communities are very aware(p) of food ingredients, handling process and packaging of food products. The foods and beverages are only Halal if the raw materials and ingredients used are Halal and it is fully compatible to the Islam ic guidelines. Nowadays, Halal oriented foods and beverages get food industry attention in all over the country as is expected to become a earthshaking contributor to economic growth.It must be understood that the production of Halal food and beverage are not only beneficial to Muslims, but also to food producers, by means of increased market acceptance of their products. In food production, sugars are widely used as it could make the food and beverage taste sweet and delicious. There are many types of sugars such as glucose, fructose, lactose and maltose. A problem occurs as those sugars might transform to an intoxicant named ethyl alcohol (or ethyl alcohol) by natural fermentation process which is not performed by enzymes.According to scientific review, both natural and manufactured products contain small sum of alcohol for example, fruits, juices, vegetables, breads, cheeses, beef, and honey. Those food and beverage usually contain not more than 0. 5% of alcohol. Therefore, a nything containing sugar is fermentable into alcohol. Other manufactured products such as coca plant Cola, Pepsi, and Mirinda contain alcohol at percentage range of 0. 2% 0. 3% as Beta Carotene (the colouring used) is melted by using the alcohol method. In addition, according toEastern Standard Time on July 8, 1999 (400 pm) The oils that they use to make Pepsi have minute trace of alcohol which combined make up a percentage of alcohol. The problem of alcohol that might contain in food or beverage has been debated by Mujamma Al-Fiqhi Al-Islami as certain types of alcohol are beneficial in food production. According to the Islam guidelines, Muslims are allow consuming ethanol as it is not harmful but only can be taken at small amount which is not more than the specified percentage.

Women Empowerment Essay Example for Free

Women Empowerment EssayThere is no peril of the welfargon of the world un slight the origin of women is improved. It is non possible for a bird to fly on one wing. Swami VivekanandaThe most signifi bottomlandt and longest social movement continuing is movement for emancipation of women. Though the primary goal for women authority is to improve the prime(a) of life of women but it has in addition deep ramifications in social, economic and political scenario of body polity. The media by its reach to people at large has been instrumental though not to the extent desired in supporting the movement for women emancipation by way neglect and marginalization of the position of the women in c completely tolder. It sounds intriguing how from a highly dignified position in Indias mythic history, the woman in India has been relegated to a secondary position. The vested interests of the ruling elite and the teen-begetting(prenominal) lobby influenced by alien agricultures legiti mised woman as an individual of dinky consequence. It would be a sad exposition on the subordinate function of women in India when woman is i appropriately viewed as Shakti (Power), the origin of power itself but in reality found as helpless, misfortunate woman with unwrap whatever identity except that of a wife, or the mother who has very little voice in decision making and has very little by way of her own basic choice. Although discrimination against and exploitation of women argon global phenomena, their consequences be to a greater extent(prenominal) tragic in the some parts of the orchis particularly in under developed countries where, ignorance, deprivation of the basic*Address by Mr. Justice G.N. Ray, Chairman, pressure level Council of India at the inauguration session of National Press Day on November 16, 2008 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. 2 necessities of life, and the ever-growing pressure of transition from tradition to modernity- all combine to aggravate the in equalities that women suffer to a point at which their existence is reduced to a continuous battle for survival. Improving the side of women is regarded as the key to narrowing the gender gap and achieving a better quality of life.Women argon under great social control and scrutiny which has restricted what they mountainful say and where and to whom. Cultural moves in almost every social set-up assure womens socialization in no uncertain terms. This has an authoritative bearing on their ability to communicate and express their thoughts.To discuss women empowerment it is necessary to deal with the present situation of women in India. I would a standardised(p) to briefly discuss certain key aspects related to the women which media should adaptedly cover and facilitate the process of empowerment of women.Gender InequationA vast major(ip)(ip)ity of Indian women organise through out their lives but the fact is that it is not officially recognized. Statistics on work force shows lo w figure of women workers. There is a skilful underestimation of womens contribution as workers even though when given a chance they establish convincingly proved their ability. Womens workforce participation the percentage of adult women who ar actually working is accepted indicator of womens status and component of the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) used in GNDP Human Development Reports. According to a survey conducted by NCW covering over 1200 women in some(prenominal) organized and uncoordinated sector it has been found that 50% experienced gender discrimination by way of material and mental harassment of women at work.The survey reported discrimination not scarce in salary but also in promotions, work distribution and working hours. Promoting gender equality was identified by the Government as priority strategic goal for the UN remains in3 India under UN Development Assistance Framework. We should not forget that Gender par is not just a womens anesthetize. It is an getting even for the nation.Wage discriminationWomen generally earn a far lower wage than men doing the resembling work. In no state in India women and men earn equal wage in agriculture. This is equally applicable to other areas of works much(prenominal) as mining, trade, transport services etc. In the unhomogeneous work sectors average wages earned by male is more than the wages earned by female.I would emphasize on the findings of UNDP which were published as Human Development Report concerning gender equality. It says Womens work is greatly under valuated in economic term. The value of household and community work transcends commercialise value.The media can certainly bring some of these biases in to light. Specially, women journalists mustiness take up this cause. The Indian constitution inducts it requisite to give equal protection to every citizen. Thus sympathetic media, judiciary and executive should stand for this together. Reform movement too is necessary in this regard. law-breaking against womenThe soaring crime rates and violence against women in the ground reflects women as weaker sex who are being dominated and exploited. They face violence inside and orthogonal the family throughout their lives. The Crime Record Bureau of Indias website shows that in the year 2006 (latest data available on website) total crime reported against women was 1, 91731. Police nature shows that a woman is molested in the country every 20 proceedings a rape occurs every 34 minutes and every 43 minutes an incident of internal harassment takes place. Every 43 minutes a woman is kidnapped and every 93 minutes, a woman is killed.4Before empowerment of women can be achieved it is necessary to enable women to give voice to their experience, their sufferings, and for society to encounter them as human being and respond to them with sensitiveness.Under Representation in important positionWomen are under represented in governance and decision making positio ns. At present women represent round 8-9% of Parliamentary seats and less than 6% of cabinet positions. Less than 4% seats in High Courts and Supreme Courts are occupied by women. Less than 3% of administrators are women. healthMillions of Indian women simply lack the freedom to go out of the house in search of health services they need. According to National Health look into 2 only 52% women in India are not even consulted on decision about their own health. The antenatal and postnatal care are beyond the reach of many Indian women. The National Health Survey 2 estimate mentions that some 1,00,000 to 1,20,000 women die every year due to maternity related causes. In some States death rate is quite high and alarming. The rate in India is quite higher than the maternal mortality rate surveyed in Cuba, China, Srilanka and Vietnam.The majority of women go through life in state of nutritional stress. They are anemic and malnourished. Girls and women face discrimination within the fa mily eating last and least. violate on Male-Female RatioMen out number women in India, unlike in many countries where the case is otherwise. The main cause of the gap in the male female ratio is prevailing practice of female fetus killing specially high in Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. In these states, the ratio is shockingly low as compared to other Indian states. Female child mortality rates are higher than male infant 5 mortality rates. Sample Registration System (2000) reveals that female infant mortality rate is 74 per 1000 live birth.The sight media needs to focus on this health issue of women. The various precis incorporated by the govt. requires totalr coverage so that women especially from economically weaker section can be benefitted from them.Women EducationEducation of women enables them to set their own priorities, seek companionship and cultivation to make their informed choices. The literacy rate among women continues to be lower than those for men. As per data of 2004-2005 available with the National Sample Survey, literacy rate per 1000 amongst untaught women is approximately 450 and amongst urban female is almost 700. If we view overall position, there has been a positive development and female literacy rate has gone up 50% as per the National Sample Survey 1997 report. Despite this progress more than 245 million Indian women can not read and write.Only 50% of Indian women are literate as compared to 65.5% of men. Far fewer girls than boys go to school. Even if they are enrolled, many of the girl students drop out of the school. The female adult literacy rate in Malaysia, Srilanka, China, Vietnam, and Indonesia is more than 70% and higher than that in India.Medias Role in empowerment of women in IndiaCommunication is ingrainedly important for womens development and mass media play significant persona. It is to be noted that harvest of womens education and their entry into employment have contributed to the growth of media. In all s pheres of life whether for commanding population growth, spread of literacy or improving quality of life for vast masses, women have crucial role to play. However, women can be expected to play this role when they acquire conscious of their strength and are not deliberately marginalised by male domination. In this context, media has an important role to play to realize awakening in women to achieve their potential as the prime movers of change in society. In todays world, print and electronic media play a vital role in effectively conveying contentedness that needs to be conveyed.Portrayal of women by the MediaBy and large the media scene in India is that media does not address serious issues about exploitation and inequal treatment to women in different spheres but is keen in reporting sex related incidents by way of sensationalizing tidings of atrocities on women. Thus instead of highlighting the exploitation of woman they end up becoming one of the reasons in increase of vi olence as their coverage more often than not tend to glorify the crime against women. It is true that media has brought to light, as never before, certain misdemeanours against women but in a very subtle flair it also perpetuated the stereotyped image of woman as a householder and an inconsequential entity in the traditional value system.Generally, womens problems never figure on the front page of a innovativespaper unless it is a gruesome murder or a case of rape. Newspapers even on womens page does not usually address relevant issues for women empowerment but reporting is concerned with beauty tips recipes, fashion syndrome etc. 7 It is unfortunate that there is lack of sensitivity among the newspapers in general to women and their problems. I would like to arouse to the Study conducted by the Media Advocacy assort viz. Violence against Women Media Coverage and Representation. The Media Advocacy Group made the side by side(p) recommendations on reporting violence against the women.(i) Media needs to take an extended, broader view of crimes against women. It has to be instrumental in conducting a social audit on factors responsible for increasing crimes, particularly against women and children, including indifferent investigative procedures, miscarriage of justice, and growing social impunity of the perpetrators of crime. (ii) It also has to be instrumental in creating an awareness among civil society of the causes and nature of the crime itself, and of the preventive measures.(iii) When treating these issues, media has to be extremely factual and empirical.The study also stated that the only regulation that governs a sensitive reporting on this issue is that the rape victims hollo should not be disclosed. Barring this, the study found that everything else is graphically reported. Often the victims family name and address is cited, making a mockery in the letter and facial expression of the regulation. Though much of this violation and malpractice are committed by a fine group of publications, others are spurred on to imitate and keep pace with the sensational trend. Therefore, I urge the media to take a serious look on the issue and do self-regulation and self-monitoring with extreme care and caution.Aarushi murder case is another prime example of irresponsible and sensational reporting by the Media. The gruesome murder of a teenage girl for days have been the sound basis of increased TRPs of the News Channels. The media both electronic and print are morally and legally stand out to avoid sensationalisation of news relating to victims of crimes. The Press Council of 8 India had already drawn guidelines on the subject and appeals to media to follow them meticulously while reporting atrocities on women/child. It is important for me to refer at this point of time to, also an important issue that greatly and gravely impacts women in overt as well as covert manner, the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS insurance coverage by the me dia. The Press Council had focused on the issue way back in 1993 when the AIDS was treated as an incurable pestilent and anyone who contacted it was pariah. The prime sufferers of such ostracization were the women, being treated as an important cause and carrier of the so-called desease.Much water has flown down the ganges, since then and with medical advances, it has become necessary for the media to focus on the issue with not just a proactive but positive approach. Therefore, the Press Council has in consultation with the UNDP and the activists of the field redrawn the guidelines for media reportage that find place in the souvenir that is to be shortly released. I hope that guidelines, in the form of easy to refer Dos and Donts and expand ones for indepth mind of the issue, testament find place on the desk of every media person and their coverage of the HIV/AIDS stories will help the world handle the issue with greater sensitivity.Limited coverage in MediaNewspapers cover wom ens problems drawing the attention of policymakers to issues requiring immediate attention such as the adverse sex ratio, infant and maternal mortality, crime against women and the effects of poverty on women and their families. But this coverage is very limited with the rest of the space occupied by cinema actresses, models, television receiver jockeys (veejays) and the rich women and their hobbies. Many of the womens magazines are devoted to fashion, glamour, beauty aids, weight reduction, cookery and how to sharpen feminine instincts to keep men and their inlaws happy. There are comparatively fewer articles on career opportunities, health awareness, entrepreneurship, legal aid, counseling services, childcare9 services and financial management. A study in this regard was conducted in Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.Two regional newspapers and two English newspapers were selected for the study. Prominent newspapers only publish 5% of women related issues and 8% are published on main page and remaining are placed inside. Study showed no importance is given to development issues of women. In the television serials women are the central characters, but they are portrayed largely as tormentors or the victims while the men very often take sideline and just seem caught in a web of unfavourable circumstances. Television culture has portrayed a breed of weak, indecisive men ensnared by sexy women when in reality men also play an active role in oppressing women in various ways including subjecting them to physical assault, rape, pushing them into the sex trade and even abandoning them. It is only desirable that serials should be close to reality and give message to the viewers where and how the society is going wrong.This portrayal of women in media has led the National military commission for Women to recommend amendment in the Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition Act), 1986. The NCW wants to include new technologie s like MMS and the electronic media and some which were left out side the ambit of the Act like posters and TV serials which perpetuate stereotypes of women. Explaining the reason for including soaps in proposed amendment in the Act, National Commission for Women has stated that women are either being portrayed as Sita (Ramayana) or as Kaikayee (Ramayana) and there seems to be nothing in between the two extreme characters being shown in Soaps. Divorces, adultery are highlighted frequently in Soaps where characters break the law without repercussion.Negative images or just portraying reality is not enough. Infact, it can often be harmful. It has been observed that sheer duplication of the dark side of life can often lead to apathy and passivity. This can be avoided by10 enactment the positive images or success stories of women in whatever sphere they happen.There is need to produce programmes that talk about income generating schemes for women. Unfortunately, in these kinds of ventu res typical womanly jobs like papad-making, sewing, embroidery, pickles making etc. are propagated. Stress should be given on non-traditional skills which can break the myth that women are suited to certain kinds of jobs only. A magisterial survey of the existing schemes (Government/nonGovernment) and presentation of the analysis and changes needed to upgrade the schemes which would make them more purposeful is essential. The distance between women and media not only deprives the women of their right to information and knowledge but also keeps the women in the dark regarding the blatant misuse of the female and the distortion of the loyalty.Although the images of women as reflected by the different mass media in the country are not very different, it will be an interesting exercise to study how these images feed and reinforce the stereotypes. The distortion of realities by the media has increased the gap of understanding between the different sections of society. Effective informa tive communication is one of the most important channels for the growth and development of women in the informal or unorganized sector, as without information regarding services and benefits available through legislation, government schemes, banks and voluntary organizations, women can hardly take advantage of them. Thus the media should take into consideration the following points.(i) The media must project the working women in the unorganized sector as worker and not merely as performing the duties of wife/daughter. They being major earners, they must be projected as producers and not merely consumers.11(ii) The media should make deliberate attempts to not only project the problems of women in poverty, but should monitor in such a way that conflicting role models are not depicted, nor derogatory references to their work are made.(iii) To improve content and coverage, coordinated efforts for increased interaction between NGOs, womens social action group, research organizations, in stitutes of mass communication, and the media personnel should be developed.There are quite a few Reports findings on the complex issues relating to women empowerment. Very often the media come up with study on women related subjects which more often than not are driven by market forces. One study claims that women prefer men with hybrid cars while another says women are genetically devised to shop. Then there is a study which says women are more attracted to bad boy types. This reveals that women have become new research subject mostly in less significant areas. In fact, research is necessary to understand women in its potentiality to usher in a new era. It is difficult to distinguish between genuine research and studies that are gimmicks more so when news reports do not identify where these studies are coming from.A large proportion of the research findings published in major news outlets today is sensationally packaged to draw attention. This is where the media must step in to he lp readers to know relevant facts concerning women empowerment. It will be only appropriate if in the interests of full disclosure, they should make clear in their reports who was funding the study and which scientific journal published it. This information can help readers to decide for themselves which pieces of research are closer to the truth and which are not.Various studies were undertaken on the women and media to ascertain how the media portrays women and how the women related issues are presented, how much significance is given to them. Such study has revealed that issues pertaining12 to development of women are never accentuate adequately. Women are portrayed not for feminine beauty and artistic portrayal but for infusing sex appeal more often than not entering the subject field of obscenity. It is necessary to have dispassionate in-depth study by social activists and media to ascertain why obscenity has risen so much in media. Unless there is any change in the social pe rception of women, it will be difficult to curtail obscenity in media.Women Journalist in MediaIn such a rapidly changing environment, women in media have a large responsibility in not only changing attitude towards women but also establishment public opinion. With women holding responsible position in newspapers or electronic media, their competency should extend to a wider area and a range of issues. More importantly, a woman journalist is expected to show more sensitivity to issues relating to women and to more meaningful insights and perspectives.Like most professions, in the media too, women have struck out boldly, trouncing a path, which is both impressive and inspiring. The last five years have seen them pouring out into the mainstream, acquiring hitherto unattainable positions and proving their mettle, be it the print or the television media. In short, women have become indispensable in the field. Womens organizations and media groups must play an active role in promoting this change. It is heartening that a wide variety of womens media initiatives are making a positive impact.Women have been latecomers in media profession owing to social, religious taboos which operated as social sanctions. The employment of women in media assumes crucial importance at this juncture of our economic development. Beside Independent Public Corporation of Media (DDAIR),13 the private owners of TV channels with ownership of Terrestrial outlets and satellite up linking facilities in country itself have flourished. This has brought a boom in employment thereby increasing the percentage of women media professionals.The rough estimates however show that although the number of women in both the media has increased in absolute terms, their ratio to men has more or less remained static. A deliberate policy for ensuring adequate representation of women both in the public and private sectors of the media is therefore a must, not only for giving women a source of livelihood but al so to ensure their adequate and effective representation, and to make the media truly national and representative in character.A significant number of women journalists are very successful in magazines dealing with various problems of women and child. With sensitivity and skill for analyzing events in depth, issues such as women abuse and exploitation, harassment of women at workplace and the trauma of HIV infected women, female infanticide in rural areas find a prominent place in such magazines. The magazines deal with the issues more in depth compared to newspapers and women are considered competent to handle such stories. As per a study in the NCR there are around 900 women journalists and even in cities like Chennai the number is impressive 200. Journalism is no more a male domain.This new trend has also led to a change in the portrayal of women in the media in general and newspaper in particular. It will not be out of context to mention here the success of Khabar Lahariya. A gr oup of eight women belonging to backward class bring out this paper from the Bundelkhand region. This paper which is being funded by an NGO was started with an aim to encourage women to fight for their own rights. such kind of initiative are required in every nook and corner of our country, so as to empower the women at grass root level.The risks women in the media face, both in the urban and rural areas, have also to be seriously considered. As we move down, from the14 metropolitan towns and the state capitals, the risks increase. At the district and taluk levels, from where the bulk of the print media is published, and which are more news-worthy places for the local and regional news contents, there is more conservation, more rigid social outlook and greater resistance to social change and new trends. In these areas women join new professions like journalism sparingly. In remoter rural areas a woman journalist and particularly a reporter is a novelty not easily accepted and assimi lated in the social milieu.The result is media women have to work almost in isolation particularly at the ground levels, if they are at all employed. The cases of sexual assault and harassment of women reporters are very often reported. Women in such cases have to take a calculated risk in joining the profession. comic hours of job make the women journalists vulnerable. Recent murder of Ms. Soumya Vishwanathan, Producer of News TV channel in Delhi shows women journalist workers are more exposed to the risk of physical assault, even their life.It is noticed that more and more young graduates are joining the journalism degree and diploma courses, with an ambition to make a mark in the profession, and quite a good proportion of them are girls. With the rapid expansion, almost a proliferation of the electronic media through satellite channels, with the popularity of the FM on the radio and with the growth of the print media, notwithstanding the electronic media, now there is a good sco pe for absorption of both men and women qualified journalists in various media outlets. Women, young and old, are prepared to weather the risks. The society, therefore, must make arrangements to provide adequate security to the vulnerable section of women in the media to promote their participation at all levels.I find extremely appropriate here to refer to the recommendations made by the Joshi Committee regarding positive portrayal of women on Doordarshan. But these recommendations are equally relevant to all form of media. These recommendations, if followed in letter and spirit would certainly 15 go in long way in enhancement of womens empowerment and facilitate drastic reduction in cultural biases as well as gender biases. They are 1. The womens issue one of the result significance to the country as a whole and there is need for a widespread understanding that the nation cannot progress, as long as women are left behind as the lesser half of society.Therefore, the improvement of womens conditions, status and image must be defined to be a major objective for media channels. 2. The Government must at the earliest formulate clear guidelines regarding the positive portrayal of women on television. This portrayal must take note of women in all facts of their lives as workers and significant contributions to family survival and the national economy it must further endeavour to integrate women on terms of equality in all sectors of national life and the development process. These guidelines must emphasis that the womens dimension must from an integral part of all programmes and not be merely curb to Womens Programmes, nor to isolated attempts to discuss womens issues.3. The number of commercial formula films screened must be drastically reduced, the cheap song-and-dance sequence totally eliminated and the content of such programmes carefully scrutinized in terms of their portrayal of women.4. Women must not be portrayed in stereotyped images that emphasis passiv e, submissive qualities and encourage them to play a subordinate secondary role in the family and society. Both men and women should be portrayed in ways that encourage mutual respect and a spirit of give and take between the sexes.5. The foreign exchange resource should be spent on importing worthwhile educative programmes, particularly those that show the roles, lives and struggles of women in neighbouring and other Third World countries so that a greater understanding and a shared perspective on problems is built. 166. It is necessary to ensure that a large number of rural women gain access to TV. Therefore, in the placement of community TV sets preference should be given to the meeting place of Mandals Mahila Mandals should also be involved in the community viewing arrangement.Everywhere the media has the potential to make a far greater contribution to the advancement of women. They can create self-regulatory mechanisms that can help to eliminate misleading and improper gender b ased programming.Media, which wields immense power in a democracy a power which is only expanding and not diminishing, needs carrying out a focused attention about women- related issues and the portrayal of women. It is, perhaps, necessary that the stabilizing force of women must be brought syndicate to the Indian people. In every family and society, there is an ethical and spiritual space, which has been traditionally dominated by women. The principal character in Bernard Shaws Pygmalion bemoans, why cant woman be like man The media can play a salutary and a liberating role to give to the women the distinctive and the exclusive space, which must belong to them to enable them to generate the ethical and moralizing impulses for the entire society.The subject Women and Media is quite relevant in the present day context. From this platform the discussion on the subject is being initiated. The debate on this issue is being proposed to be discussed at the State level and the Press Coun cil is keen that seminars and workshops on this subject are organised at different States and at different levels. I sincerely hope that this initiative will be fruitful. Let this beginning be fortunate (Aiomaramba Subhaya Bhabatu).