Essay on The Start of Slavery - 698 Words

Today, slavery is not something you see in modern day society. For the most part, people are treated fairly while working, are given benefits such as holidays and the option to take a sick day when feeling ill, and are paid a good wage for their services as an employee. But unfortunately this was not the case back in the 1800s where slavery was popular among the southern parts of the United States. How It Started Slavery grew in the 1800s due to the demand for more workers to help on plantations, particularly in the southern states. The northern states didnt need slaves because they didnt have as many large farms as the south did. These slaves were imported by large ships from Africa and sent all over the world such as Portuguese†¦show more content†¦Even the young and the elderly were forced to work as well. They hardly ever got days off, only on Sundays and holidays that were not frequent, such as Christmas. After a long day of working, slaves then had personal free time. This is the time that they used to make food and clothing for their families. Since slave owners last priority was their slaves comfort, they often provided the bare minimum for their slaves survival. They didnt want to waste money on luxuries, but they did want to keep them alive and well enough so that they could still work for them. When they retired for the night, the slaves called a small stick shack with a dirt floor home. These shacks had a lot of cracks in the walls and this let in the cold and harsh wind. The windows only had thin coverings as well. [4] Again, bare minimum and maximum profit were all that the slave owners cared for. There was one thing that the slaves did have control over though. They could get married and have children. But the slave owner did have the power to break up families by selling certain members. Also any children that were born were property of the slave owners. [5] The slave owners actually encouraged slaves to have families because this meant that they would have more workers at their disposal. Slave owners often would punish any slaves that tried to educate themselves. They didnt want their slaves to be educated in fear that theyShow MoreRelatedwhen did slavery start in america742 Words   |  3 PagesEssay #1 9/20/13 When did slavery start in america. Once Slavery was introduced into the new colonies it changed the direction that the colonies were heading in. there are many theory’s and ideas linked with the importation of africans to america. Although some may consider racism a major role of the african enslavement, the need for Labor, Low Cost Price ,and Availability played a major role on the enslavement of africans in the new colonies. When the start of the colonization of americaRead MoreThe Events That Caused The Civil War1688 Words   |  7 Pagespart in the start of the Civil War, slavery was the ultimate factor that led to this event in history. Economic and social differences between the north and the south, fights between slave and non-slave proponents, the growth of the abolition movement, and the election of Abraham Lincoln are all events having to do with slavery in the United States that led to the start of the Civil War. Economic and social differences between the north and the south was one of the events of slavery leading up toRead MoreThe Main Cause Of The American Civil War1047 Words   |  5 Pagesmotives to the start of the Civil War, but there are four main concepts. These four concepts were slavery, taxation, the election of Abraham Lincoln and lastly, struggling with power between the Northern and Southern states. To start with, the end of slavery is undoubtedly one of the most popular arguments to the creation of the Civil War. While many consider slavery as the cause of the Civil War, they are mistaken (Historynet). To support this statement, the facts simply are that slavery has been inRead MoreThe Civil War995 Words   |  4 PagesThere were many different events that contributed to the start of the Civil War. The Civil war was one based on people and slave rights. It was a compilation of confrontations regarding the institution of slavery. It was a long-standing war where many such as President Lincoln strongly intervened. There were three events, however, that I believe were the most important events leading to the Civil War. These events included The Missouri Compromise of 1820, The Compromise of 1850, and Uncle Tom’sRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution718 Words   |  3 Pagesplace from 1765 to 1783. There are many well known reasons for the start of the American R evolution like king George III trying to impose tyranny over all the people by heavily taxing the American people and also the problem with trying to control people from the other side of the world. But there is one reason that is often not mentioned, and that is the American Revolution was also fought to preserve slavery. At the time slavery was a normal thing and to think about it being abolished was oneRead MoreSlavery And The Coming Of The War1474 Words   |  6 PagesKenneth Hicks History 1376 Dr. Hopkins Paper Assignment #3 12/6/2015 Slavery and the Coming of the War During the 1850s, slavery had become a topic of great discussion, especially when it came to the organization of new territories, and whether slavery should be allowed or prohibited in these new territories. Some argued that slavery was right, while others though it was not and should be ended, causing fear and anger between the free-states in the North and the Southern Slave states. This wouldRead MoreJohn Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry1303 Words   |  6 PagesHIST 128 Essay 3 John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry John Brown’s beliefs about slavery and activities to destroy it hardly represented the mainstream of northern society in the years leading up to the Civil War. This rather unique man, however, has become central to an understanding and in some cases misunderstandings about the origins of the Civil War. The importance of Brown’s mission against slavery was colossal to accelerating the civil war between the North and the South. His raid onRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States1440 Words   |  6 PagesWas it the simple piece of legislature called the Kansas-Nebraska act that started it or the election of the United States president Abraham Lincoln that caused the turmoil? Either way these two causes have their starting points in slavery in the United States. Slavery was the ultimate cause of the Civil War. As the United States furthered its land and power by expanding west the land had to be divided equally between free states and slave states. As the United States expanded west it had to equallyRead MoreHow the United States Government Has Changed1030 Words   |  5 Pagescountry. The country had had some advantages and disadvantages that lead the country to the government what is today. The political history of Unites States from constitutional convention to 1846 was a growing influence for government progressiveness, slavery and women. Since the Constitutional convention the government of the Unites States has being improving the government system. The government has many progressiveness, it went from an authoritarian country to a self-governed country by the people.Read MoreSlavery And The African Americans1071 Words   |  5 Pagesof the phrases that will come to my mind when discussing slavery with other individuals. Throughout the years I have been a victim of my own ignorance for believing that Slavery undoubtedly ended in 1865. I can honestly admit that I was wrong. After having watched the documentary â€Å"Slavery by Another Name† I gained new insight into the history of slavery and the struggles that African Americans suffered during that time. I learned that slavery did not end after the 13th Amendment was passed. After

Christie worked in YWCA’S child care center in Akron,...

Christie worked in YWCA’S child care center in Akron, Ohio. She made a check of 330 every two weeks. She was on a welfare program called SNAP also known as food stamps. â€Å"SNAP is the federal government’s largest food assistance program (# 2). SNAP stands for supplement Nutrition assist program to help low-income families pay for food.†(#5) Christie received 136 of â€Å"food stamps† every month. In addition, to her every 2 week check and food stamps she received child support from one of her two children, 37.68 weekly. She had many expensive; gas, rent medical insurance, cable TV, phone bill, electricity, perception medicine, and monthly car payments. Therefore, she wasn’t able to make ends meet even with the help of welfare. Christie didn’t†¦show more content†¦TANF is a program to provide cash assistance to those with little to no income. Yet, food stamps are a program to provide families with an income to purchase only food fo r their home. Food stamps have their restriction on certain food items on the other hand Temporary Assistance for a Needy family (TANF) doesn’t have any restriction on what the money is use for. In addition, there is a child support program. The child support program is to provide families with child care placement assistance which will help parents have the time to work. The program helps pay for any partial or for completely any fees depending on the family’s income. Furthermore, there is also a program that helps family pay for their basic utilities. For example, water, heat, gas etc†¦ this program is known as energy or utility assistance. Another well know program is medical assistance. This program provides families who don’t have sufficient money to pay for medical insurance. Medicare covers for regular checkups, prescription medicine, dental care, and eye care. In the United States there are â€Å"over 100 million people receiving some form of federal welfare† (Munoz#7). The purpose of creating the welfare system was to provide aid to those families with â€Å"little to no income† (article 1). Back in 1996 Clinton passed the welfare reform act; allowing state full control of the welfare system. The Welfare Reform Act was to help steer welfareShow MoreRelatedWelfare Legislation On Welfare And Welfare954 Words   |  4 Pages 1 Welfare gives people an incentive to avoid work. Like many citizens have neglected the responsibility to work and put the burden on the taxpayers. She relies on the welfare for temporary assistance. They are relying on welfare and welfare is being used as political growth for the United States moving products services along. Welfare out of wedlock, childbirth and marital breakup are supported by the current evidence. (http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/L-welfaremarriags.htm. She benefitsRead MoreThe Issue Of Welfare And Welfare1360 Words   |  6 Pagessocial security payment. This is essentially what welfare is. Welfare comes in all different shapes and sizes but its main focus is to take money from taxes and hand it out to the people who need it. Now welfare as a whole is a very understandable system and is very helpful to those who fall out of work and need a little help to sustain themselves while they get back on their feet. However, people are living on welfare and will always live on welfare until the government makes improvements within itsRead MoreWelfare Reform : The Welfare System1367 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare Reform What would happen if the government made changes to the welfare system? There are approximately 110,489,000 of Americans on welfare. Many people benefit from what the system has to offer: food stamps, housing, health insurance, day care, and unemployment. Taxpayers often argue that the individuals who benefit from the system, abuse the system; however, this is not entirely true. Many of the people who receive benefits really and truly need the help. Even though some people believeRead MoreSocial Welfare And The Welfare System924 Words   |  4 Pagesissues include social welfare, immigration or even environmental issues. Congress receives numerous issues on public polices every day, but they cannot handle and solve every issues that comes across their daily agenda, nor can they satisfy every person in this country. Congress prioritizes on those issues that are more important and relevant to find a probable solution too. A growing issue we see that in today’s society are issue s in the social welfare system. Social Welfare has so many issues withinRead MoreThe Welfare Policies And Welfare Programs1232 Words   |  5 Pagesdeciding who is eligible for welfare and for what amount of time, though federal funds can only be provided for five years of benefits over the lifetime of the recipient. Women currently have very few options when it comes to working and caring for their children. The next section of this paper will discuss the welfare policies aimed at alleviating the struggle of women to care provide for themselves and their children. Welfare Programs and Eligibility There are several welfare programs that are availableRead MoreWelfare Programs And The Welfare Program1774 Words   |  8 Pagesprograms that has a major impact on many of the citizens in this country is the Welfare programs. The Welfare program is designed to assist families who are unemployed, on disability, or do not have enough money to provide or support their family on a weekly/biweekly basis. The Welfare program is very influential on the United States’ citizens, and has had a positive influence on these peoples’ lives. The Social Welfare Program is a government program that provides financial aid to any individual orRead MoreWelfare Reform And The Welfare System2031 Words   |  9 Pages All throughout history welfare services have been available to the general public. While these benefits have changed over time, the basic intentions of the welfare system has stayed the same. The welfare system provides benefits and monetary assistance to those who qualify. Different acts over the past two hundred years have been amended in order to try to help the poor, and while not all have been practical and successful, many programs have indeed done an outstanding job in aiding those in needRead MoreWelfare Should Not Save Welfare2608 Words   |  11 Pagesthink of the average welfare recipient they most likely imagine someone who is a slacker; unambitious and one who is not a hard worker, someone who lazes around waiting until their welfare check comes in so that they can spend it all on whatever frivolous thing they want, and wait until the next check arrives. Sometimes people think of a mother and her children in a poor neighborhood, who wants more money to spend on expens ive clothes and electronics, so she gets her welfare checks and buys the expensiveRead MoreWelfare Reform : Social Welfare Policy1257 Words   |  6 Pages Social Welfare Policy Social Welfare Policy Analysis Eric Dean University of Arkansas Introduction Several states have recently begun to enact legislation that requires welfare recipients to submit to drug tests before they are eligible to receive any public assistance. The purpose of mandatory drug testing is to prevent the potential abuse of taxpayer money, help individuals with drug problems, and ensure that public money is not subsidizing drug habits (Wincup, 2014). WhileRead MoreShould Welfare Be A Welfare?958 Words   |  4 Pages70’s the term Welfare Queen has been used to describe our nation’s poor single mothers that receive welfare benefits instead of being gainfully employed. Society’s misconception is that they can be found buying fake Gucci purses out of the trunks of late model BMWs in gas station parking lots and appear on Snapchat, Twitter, and Instagram. These undereducated young mothers seem like cunning, conniving, county con artists that celebrate their poverty and hide the fact that being a welfare recipient

ICT and Social Media

Question: Discuss about the ICT and Social Media. Answer: Introduction In 21st century organizations are living in an environment that is evolving at a rapid rate even faster than before. The changes have to be modified by reacting fast by finding its implications termed as business strategy. At present the concept of digital workplace is in trend the perception of viewing the organization is from the perspective of employee rather than enterprise. In this context, the organization provided is Charles Sturt University with the assignment emphasizing up on task A and B. Task A consist of SWOT analysis and task B is briefing on social media. As an Enterprise Architect (EA) in Charles Sturt University the duty is to create holistic environment. The role is to align the IT and business with the use of knowledge in relation to future needs (Strano and Rehmani, 2007). This provides strategic direction by linking it with IT strategy incorporating tools and models. One such model is SWOT analysis that helps in analyzing the performance of the workplace regarding market, services and product. This helps in determining the future growth by assessing both internal and external capabilities. SWOT is discussed below in relation to Charles Sturt University and it is: SWOT TEMPLATE Organization: Charles Sturt University (CSU) Date: 23/9/16 Description of ICT Service: A mobile app has been devised that helps in learning support, students can access in both outside and inside campus, training and collaboration. The platform is devised for students, professional and academics by having access to the resources and services by using mobile devices, tablets and Smartphone. This interface is possible only in mobile for working on even administrative facilities helping both students and staff. Strengths: The University is famous for providing courses in distance education by working through innovation and leadership. It benefits students by studying through CSU sites that helps in retaining, recruiting and improving reputation CSU has inbuilt mobile infrastructure for its students by offering online courses within specific time-period. Its presence on social media, tying up with third party application such as YouTube and Word press with teaching programs. The wireless network present in the campus is of high speed and member of the Eduroam program. The University offers distance education to students who are geographically dispersed and researchers use web for communication with University (University, 2015). The project mLearn is running for many years in the campus and staffs are taking an active part. The innovative practices are incorporated here. The University library has its own mobile app where resources and databases can be subscribed. The apps are inbuilt along with third party services that are being operated through administrative, research and teaching departments. Weakness: The CSU does not have enough human resource that looks after the developments separately. The software requires maintenance for existing in the long run The more use of mobile devices by the students on campus is putting pressure on wireless network causing delays. This is forcing University to increase its capacity and less use of laptops and desktops. Gateways and information system available online are ageing so the systems are overlapping with each other. The IT service has been in legacy system as the students are confused between portals. The mobile devices used by students are accessible inside University but due to infrastructure it does not support learning. It is more dependent on third party such as Vimeo and YouTube for content uploading When a system needs to be upgraded in organization the existing system introduced has to be adjusted in relation to future aspect (Turban and Turban, 2006). Opportunities: The computing market is increasing towards mobile as it is cheap in comparison to laptops and computers. The students from lower backgrounds attending CSU could own the same The management has to incorporate Bring your own device (BYOD) in CSU trend is irrespective of using college equipment will save hardware and taken by the increased cost The students and staffs could interact through videoconferencing by sharing the expertise and reducing transportation and physical cost It is beneficial mostly for distance students by engaging them in the learning process in University campus The screen of the mobile phones should be of higher quality by experiencing media and content effectively Threats: The assumption that all students can access the device is wrong as many users rely on limited data The devices are hard to anticipate as innovation is fast changing and at the same time anticipation is hard CSU should tell students to make their own account by managing the privacy oneself as guarantee cannot be provided for external apps when integrated into university platform The competitors present in Australian market already have access to iTunesU for sharing notes and materials. Various factors like increasing pressure, student experience, accessible and engaging etc. Once services and apps are implemented in platform changing vendors impact CSU platform Recommendation and Summary: The opportunities and challenges regarding mobility are transforming the expectations made by staff and students. Charles have been focusing on mLearn project for years and providing distance education in dispersed geographical location. The changes taking place in the consumer market with respect to mobile innovation is changing the faade. With the introduction of Web 2.0 technology the existing platform is based on Web 1.0 technology thereby, lacking communication tools. The mobile is being upgraded by making it a single point for students in reaching to resources blending it with flexibility. The information system could be improved by making use of data analytics, sustainable design, users feedback and technology (Currie and Galliers, 2005). This platform helps in improved learning by being competitive by streamlining the process. The practice of enterprise architect is University helps ion teaching and learning of students that is spread across regions. Short-Term (Present) The mobile app of the University has to be compared with competitors on the basis of usability by the students. The competitors like Oxford have an open mobile source app for their students. The mobile app has to vary in terms of navigation, layout etc. by comparing with students who are receiving distance education from competitors. This has to be measured in percentage so that CSU could get an idea of competition present in the marketplace. The students and staffs have to be provided with evaluation forms about changes needed in mobile app mHub (University, 2015). Mid-Term (over 12 months) The flexibility, scalability and customization by the vendor are offering by working with the applications of University by having access to network and technologies. The installation and configuration of softwares by training the users by sharing tutorials, information, resources, reviews, using mobile technology and guides. The planning for infrastructure will be revised from the existing plan. Formulating guide up on how to use mobile app by touching on the subject lines for generating information Long Term (3-5 Years) The enterprise architecture has to serve for lifetime by being committed as the staffs existing will review the process regularly. The effectiveness of the project will be decided on long-term basis by incorporating it in the University. The implementation of the project will depend up on the skills of the architect by being competent by using interdisciplinary skills for maintaining functionality (Strano and Rehmani, 2007). The crucial moments will be interaction of mobile platform with university by upgrading it the application of social media platforms and applications have to be as per policy established by CSU. From the above discussion it can be concluded that upgrading the existing system in Charles University is not easy. The enterprise architect has to match the software and application correctly by using his skills for effective formulation. Information and communication technologies are influencing humans directly by being engaged in routine activities. In 21st century it is an important element for connecting with individuals by interacting digitally with others. The information generated through online mode helps in analyzing by collaborating information effectively. Social media is an effective mode of promoting products or services through communication. Social Media The workplace in todays time have evolved from being to the water cooler to tweets, shares and likes. Social media is a communication platform that experiments with technology (Safko, 2010). As the technology is changing continuously pressure is on how to communicate effectively. In simple term it is the form of interaction through but not limited to Myspace, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, LinkedIn, E-Mail etc. It helps the organization by promoting its product and services, interacting with suppliers and clients, passing information and incorporating alternative communication means between individuals. Each organization in Australia is having social media policy that helps in protecting reputation. In the interest of the employees it helps in preventing harassment and bullying. A standard must be set in workplace for both personal and work purpose. One of the crucial aspects is using the technology in appropriate terms that should be guided by the employer. The employees need to be edu cated and trained by monitoring them continuously for addressing the consequences they might have after its use (Macnamara and Zerfass, 2012). When an employee is not abiding by terms and conditions set in organization it may attract dismissal affecting the relationship between employer and employee. Termination of an employee may due to varied reasons such as disclosing information, violating policy etc. In Australian workplace it is seen that 48% of employees stated that it has negative impact on them as it hampers productivity. A survey conducted on annual Global Workforce Index having 17,000 individuals from different nations Africa, Europe, US etc. found that 59% commented that mixing professional and personal life cause problems. From the total population only 18% are in favor of using social media in workplaces. In the survey it was seen that workers with technical and professional skill set feel to incorporate social media for personal use in work and non-qualified with 12% (Osman, 2016). The other findings generated are: 21% feel social media should be implemented in workplace Among the Gen Y 18% feels incorporation for personal use when compared with Baby Boomers 11% 6% feels its inclusion should be stopped On the other hand, the information is passed with high speed by engaging the stakeholders in the process by using the social media. This method helps in socializing by generating opportunities for moving further in the digital world. The Information and Communication technology (ICT) in social media is benefit and disadvantage for workplace in terms of effectiveness. The mode of communication has transformed its reach when social media entered the market. Facebook is a social networking site that allows communication between family, friends and colleagues and is the fastest growing since 2004 (Fischer and Reuber, 2011). Similarly, Twitter has the ability to write short messages by way of tweeting with people. The rise of social media can be seen by publishing with articles that has communication in it. This platform is growing immensely by defining the concept of modern culture by including people as its central part. In workplace it seems to be the growing trend due to cost effective process in place. The exchange of information between customer and organization helps in satisfying the demands by fostering customer engagement by adopting social media as form of marketing strategy. The companies should indulge in generating customer experiences by keeping them at front. In workplace it helps in promoting by having a competitive edge in competition in this digital era (Safko, 2010). When recruitment takes place in organization social media helps in finding new talent through online recruitment. This is possible with the help of creating a profile for attracting the best talent by valuing employees for finding potential candidates. In marketing and sales social media track reviews and comme nts made by the third party about the services or product. The feedback gathered helps in reviewing the performance of organization. In Australian workplace employers ensure that social media is implemented in the process of finding job applicants. With this site such as Facebook can be used for recruiting process but risks have to be calculated (Sparta, 2012). It is the process in which communication with the audience takes less time by making changes if required at last moment even. It helps in providing updates in real time to the workers for working on it efficiently. It establishes the relationship building customers and business by understanding them and working as pr their need. This helps in building healthy community by growing fast by working on the repeat business. The main aspects associated with business are: Innovation through collaboration Leadership and vision Empowering employees Generating agility in system, process and decision making process Engaging customers Customers are provided platforms where experiences, interest, self-expression and network organize are present in the community (Fischer and Reuber, 2011). In other way it can be said that business have received a gift i.e. feedback for improving by having the opportunity to listen and engage. The aspects mentioned above acts by streamlining the process by solving problems effectively. Thus, internet, blogging, Smartphone and tweeting is innovating and being the part of individual more and more by responding quickly. Hence, the use of social media and internet is important by saving employees from theft, cyber bullying, hindering privacy etc. Conclusion The discussion concludes by stating that social media is even incorporated in workplace for monitoring the employees performance. It is an essential tool for marketers to promote their product in an effective manner. In the workplace it brings creativity and innovation by implementing in ICT for efficient services. References Currie, W. and Galliers, R. (2005). Rethinking management information systems. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Fischer, E., Reuber, A. R. (2011). Social interactions via new social media: (How) can interactions on Twitter affect effectual thinking and behavior. Journal of Business Venturing, 26, 1-18. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.09.002 Macnamara, J, Zerfass, A. (2012). Social media communication in organizations: The challenges of balancing openness, strategy and management. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 6(4), 287308. Osman, H. (2016). Social media has negative impact on workplace productivity: study. [online] ARN. Available at: https://www.arnnet.com.au/article/430698/social_media_has_negative_impact_workplace_productivity_study/ [Accessed 23 Sep. 2016]. Safko, L. (2010). The Social Media Bible: Tactics, Tools, and Strategies for Business Success. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons Sparta, P. (2012). Getting the most out of social learning: utilizing social media in the workplace. Development and Learning in Organizations, 26(2), pp.16-18. Strano, C. and Rehmani, Q. (2007). The role of the enterprise architect. ISeB, 5(4), pp.379-396. Turban, E. and Turban, E. (2006). Information technology for management. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley Sons. Turban, E., Volonino, L. Wood, G. (2013). Information Technology for Management: Advancing Sustainable, Profitable Business Growth, 9th edition. USA: John Wiley and Sons. University, C. (2015). Mobile - Charles Sturt University. [online] Csu.edu.au. Available at: https://www.csu.edu.au/about/mobile [Accessed 23 Sep. 2016].

The Illegalization Of Abortion Essay Example For Students

The Illegalization Of Abortion Essay Many have pondered upon the meaning of abortion. The argument beingthat every child born should be wanted, and others who believe that everychild conceived should be born (Sass vii). This has been a controversialtopic for years. Many people want to be able to decide the destiny ofothers. Everyone in the United States is covered under the United Statesconstitution, and under the 14th Amendment women have been given the choiceof abortion. In 1973, Harry A. Blackmun wrote the majority opinion thatits a womens right to have an abortion. Roe v. Wade legalized abortion. Even though these people have been given the right, the case is not closed. Pro-life activists carry a strong argument, and continue to push theirbeliefs. They feel so strongly about these beliefs that violence hasbroken out in some known instances. Pro-choice activists, on the otherhand, also carry very strong points. They believe that the child insidethem is their property and its life doesnt be until birth. In 1973, theUnited States Supreme Court decided that as long as the baby lived in thewomb, he or she would be the property of the mother. Because of thisdecision almost every third baby conceived in America is killed byabortion, over one and a half million babies a year (Willke vii). Manycountries have followed our decision on the abortion issue and some ofthese include Canada, England, and France. Other countries still believeabortion should be illegal, they include Germany, Ireland, and New Zealand. We will write a custom essay on The Illegalization Of Abortion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Although many believe that abortion is a womens choice, abortion should bebanned because its immoral and life begins at conception. Abortion is the choice of a women whether or not she wants to receiveone. Under the 14th Amendments personal liberty women are given theright to receive an abortion. The 14th Amendments concept of personalliberty and restrictions on state action is enough to allow a womensdecision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy. The right to choose tohave an abortion is so personal and essential to womens lives that withoutthis right women cannot exercise other fundamental rights and libertiesguaranteed by the Constitution (Paltrow 72). The state cant interfere inthe private lives of a citizen. Without the right to choose an abortionthe 14th Amendments guarantee of liberty has little meaning for women. With the right to choose abortion, women are able to enjoy, like men, therights to fully use the powers of their minds and bodies (Paltrow 73). Aman can withdraw from a relationship as soon as he finds out about apregnancy. There is no question of his involve t after that, he has madehis choice. It is only fair to say that women should be given the samechoice. If one doesnt want to hold the responsibilities of a child thanshe should be able to have the choice of abortion in her options. Becausecontraceptives fail, and because they are not always available or possibleto use, abortion is necessary if people are to be able to determine whetherand when to bear or beget a child(Paltrow 72). Couples choose thealternative of abortion so they can start or expand their families whenthey feel most ready and able to care for them. Women choose to have anabortion because pregnancy and childbirth can prevent them from keepingtheir jobs, from feeding their families, and from serving others in way sthey consider necessary and appropriate. Pregnancy and child birth maydetermine whether a women ever gets to start or complete her education,which will significantly influence her ability to support herself and herfamily. The availabilit y of abortion makes it possible for people notonly to choose the number of children they want, but also to create thekind of family life they have always wanted for themselves, to meet theirresponsibilities. If a women cannot choose to terminate an unwantedpregnancy, she is denied the right to the possession and control of herown body. One of the most sacred rights of common law is to choose and ifa women cant do this than their most important possession is taken away. .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a , .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a .postImageUrl , .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a , .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a:hover , .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a:visited , .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a:active { border:0!important; } .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a:active , .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubac394cb4796d41ed568736dc151953a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: George Orwell EssayAbortion isnt only a womens right, its a womens choice. However, allowing abortion to be legal is immoral. A pre-born child isgiven the status of a product of pregnancy and never seen as the miracleonly a women can create. Compassion for the small one is drowned out undera demand for rights, but what about the rights for the unborn. A womenhas a right to her own body is an idea more and more women are realizing,but that idea ignores the unborn childs right to his or her body. Never,in modern times, has the state granted to one citizen the right to haveanother killed in order to solve their personal, social, or economicproblems. the embryo is its own being that should have its own rights toprotect it. The zygote is a unique genetic being (Zindler 27). If one wasto abort an embryo than that embryo, that human life would never beduplicated. A scientist that may have found the cure to A.I.D.S. would bekilled. There is a better way to solve our problems than by killingchildren. A fertilized egg is the most beauti , most innocent being that we could ever create, and can redeem even the worst of our mistakes. Thisfertilized egg is not just a mass of tissue, for if it were than therewould be no debate. A fetus feels pain. Ultra sound, fetoscopy, study ofthe fetal EKG (electrocardiogram) and fetal EEG (electroencephalogram) havedemonstrated the remarkable responsiveness of the human fetus to pain,touch and sound (willke 64). The fetus responds to light, heat, cold, andtaste. Observations of the fetal movements in saline abortions indicatesthat the fetus experiences discomfort as it dies. One doctor who, the NewYork Times, wrote conscientiously performs saline abortions stated, whenhe injected the saline, he often saw an increase in fetal movements(Willke 64). In another case, a film using mew sonographic techniques,shows the outline of the child in the womb thrashing to resist the suctiondevice before it tears off the head. Then you see the dead childdismembered child and t he head crushed (Edwards 40). This is murder. Nobody who sees this film will speak again of painless abortion. Afterthe doctor who performed this procedure saw this film, he never performedanother abortion again. But, many doctors still do perform abortion, andin some instances a live child is killed. About once a day, somewhere inthe United States, something goes wrong and an abortion results in a livebaby (Willke 76). Forty five out of six hundred and seven mid trimesterabortions done in Connecticut in 1974-1976 resulted in live births (Willke76). In these cases the child was killed in cold blooded murder. It isimmoral to kill, therefore abortion is immoral. Finally, abortion should be banned because life begins at conception. The individual sex cell consists of 23 chromosomes. It is only throughcombination, however, that the sex cells contain the full complement ofheredity units that defines a human being (Shettles 17). This procedure ofcombination defines conception. After the merger of the two sex cells 46chromosomes are present. This is what makes a human being. The merger iscomplete within twelve hours, at which time the egg is fertilized andbecomes known technically as the zygote. The inherited characteristicsof a unique human being has been established, and in no circumstances willit change (Shettles 17). Nothing from this time on, until death, willanything be added. The definition of alive is that a being is growing,developing, maturing, and replacing its own dying cells. It means not beingdead. At the very time conception begins the zygote is growing,developing, maturing, and replacing its own dying cel Its alive. Thesingle-celled fertilized ovum cannot by any stretch of the imagination beconsider ed part of a womens body. This new living being has a genetic setup unlike anyone elses, totally different from the cells of the mothersbody. It makes no difference to assume that human life is more humanpost-born than pre-born. What is critical to figure out is if it is orisnt human life, and of coarse it is human life. At 18 days the heart ispumping through a closed circulatory system, with blood whose type isdifferent from that of the mother. At 40 days the brain begins tofunction. In the 16th week motion has been detected. At 6 and 1/2 weeksall twenty milk-teeth buds are present. During the eighth week the babysstomach secretes gastric juice, and all its body system is present. Thebaby dreams, thinks, and feels pain. This is definitely a child, and noone on the face of this earth would be here if they werent conceived. .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59 , .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59 .postImageUrl , .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59 , .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59:hover , .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59:visited , .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59:active { border:0!important; } .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59:active , .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59 .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u335378a0ba592fffea7c49aa9532be59:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Charleston Charm Essay In summary, abortion can be justified by a womens right to choose, butit should be banned because its immoral and life begins at conception. Women have been given the right to have an abortion under the United StatesConstitution, but this right is still being protested by the people thatfight for the unborns rights. Pro-life activists claim that its immoralbecause it is simply defined as murder. Life begins at conception isanother strong point brought up by pro-life activists. Before a child isborn it is given all its necessities to survive. Notice the operativeword is before. Before birth the childs heart beats, the gastric juicesflow in the stomach, and all its necessary organs have been made present. This is a child that thinks, dreams, and feels pain. Yes, some women maylook at having an abortion to solve her personal problems, but in all,women are abandoning the abortion because it weakens their great strengths:creation, compassion and the ability to loo eneath the surface ofappearance of things. Maybe soon the abortion issue will reverse, andpeople will see the rights of the unborn as greater importance than that ofa personal right.

Health Priorities in Australia free essay sample

1. Using measures of epidemiology, investigate the health status of Australians. Health status is a holistic concept that is determined by more than the presence or absence of any disease. It is often summarised by life expectancy or self-assessed health status, and more broadly includes measures of functioning, physical illness, and mental wellbeing. Epidemiology is the study of disease in groups or populations through the collection of data and information, to identify patterns and causes. The measures of epidemiology are: Mortality- refers to the number of deaths in a given population from a particular cause and/or over a period of time. Infant Mortality- refers to the number of infant deaths in the first year of life, per 1,000 live births. Morbidity- is the incidence or level of illness, disease or injury in a given population. Life Expectancy- is the length of time a person can expect to live. More specifically, it refers to the average number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age, based on current death rates. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Priorities in Australia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Australia, the median age of death among the entire population in 2007 was 80.5 years old. In 2011 that statistic had risen to 81.5 years old, an increase of one year to the average life. In both years the leading cause of death among Australians was circulatory diseases (diseases of the heart and blood vessels) and the second leading cause in both years was cancer. Although the percentage of cancer deaths rose from 29.2% proportion of totals deaths to 29.8% and the percentage of circulatory disease deaths dropped from 33.8% of the populations deaths down to 31%. In the past 100 years the infant mortality rate as decreased by 95%, from more than one in ten deaths in the first year of life (100+ deaths per 1000 live births) to one in 200 deaths in the first year of life (5 deaths per 100 live births). This can be attributed to improved health education, public sanitation, improved medical diagnosis and improved support services for parents and new born babies. Most infant mortalities are caused by congenital malformations which are structural or functional anomalies which are present at the birth of a child, preventative causes of this disease are  improving the diet of women through their reproductive years, avoiding exposure to harsh environmental substances and improving vaccinations and health education. Information about the incidence and prevalence of the total population gives a broader perspective on the nation’s health than just the mortality statistics. Australia’s population has a lowering incidence of asthma and rising survival rate of cancer although since 1984 the incidence of five major cancers has risen (Breast, Prostrate, Melanoma, Colorectal and Lung) and a report from SMH in 2008 shows 7.4 million people are overweight or obese and the prevalence of diabetes climbs rapidly, along with these problems the amount of people affected by STI’s has risen to more than 230 per 100,000 people. According to AIHW (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare) Australia is one of the healthiest nations in the world although Indigenous Australians lag behind in their health status. Australians live the second longest lives in world, behind Japan. The average Australian citizen will live to be 81.4 years old. And trends indicate that the expectancy of males and females is growing, since 2000 the life expectancy of males has grown from 77.4 years old to 79.7 years old, an increase of 2.3 years. The life expectancy of females since 2000 has grown from 82.6 up to 84.2, an increase of 1.6 years. This increase in the life expectancy of Australian residents indicates that their health is improving, with the help of increased knowledge and improved health services. Taking all of this information into account, using measures of epidemiology, the health status of Australians can be said to be relatively good compared with that of other nations. The improved health services and new discoveries in the health sector along with increased knowledge about health from the population also indicates that the health status of Australians may be improving. 2. Explain how health promotion, based on the Ottawa Charter, reflects social justice principles. Health promotion is a combination of science, medicine, practical skills and beliefs aimed at maintaining and improving the health of all people. The Ottawa Charter for health promotion promotes social justice as it incorporates the idea of giving all members of  the community access to health services and attempts to rule out inequities in differing communities. The Ottawa Charter does this through its five action areas: Building Healthy Public Policy, Create Supportive Environments, Strengthen Community Action, Develop Personal Skills and Reorient Health Services. All five of these action areas provide a building block for health promotions. The four principles of social justice are: Equity, Access, Participation and Rights. The way equity is reflected in health promotion based on the Ottawa Charter is through the action areas Building Healthy Public Policy, Create Supportive Environments and Reorient Health Services as these three areas bring together people onto an equal level and give specific help to those who need it, creating equity in communities. Access is reflected in health promotion based on the Ottawa Charter t hrough the action area Reorient Health Services, as this area of the charter aims to bring together health services, governing bodies and other health professionals in an attempt to give more adequate access to health services to those who need it. Also reflected is Participation, which can be based on the Ottawa Charter action areas through Building Healthy Public Policy, Strengthen Community Action and Develop Personal Skills. This can be known as empowering the communities and bringing the communities the education and information needed to know more about their own health. Lastly, Rights is reflected in health promotion through the action areas Create Supportive Environments and Reorient Health Services as they attempt to give equitable opportunities for good health to all individuals. With these four social justice principles reflected in health promotion, the overall health of Australia can be improved, examples of this include: ‘Quit for you Quit for two’ which promotes to pregnant women who smoke, who if they ceased their habit would be creating a more equal life for their expectant child and give them the right for an opportunity to good health. Another example would be the ‘Swap it’ campaign which aims at developing personal skills while creating equity through smart food choices. 3. Critically analyse how the action areas of the Ottawa Charter address Australia’s health priorities through ONE health promotion initiative. â€Å"Slip Slop Slap Seek Slide† Campaign by the Cancer Council of Australia was created in 1980 and revolved around Sid the Seagull who gave a constant reminder of the easy ways that the population of Australia would be able to avoid skin cancer; slip on a shirt, slop on sunscreen and slap on a hat. 27 year later the ad was upgraded to include; seek shade and slide on sunnies, thus creating the â€Å"Slip Slop Slap Seek Slide† song. The campaign aims to lower the prevalence and incidence of skin cancers in Australia. The action areas of the Ottawa Charter address Australia’s health priorities through this campaign. The action areas are: Building Healthy Public Policy, Create Supportive Environments, Strengthen Community Action, Develop Personal Skills and Reorient Health Services. Building Healthy Public Policy- Policies have been created due to increased awareness attributed to the â€Å"Slip Slop Slap Seek Slide† campaign; a commonly known policy would be the â€Å"No Hat, No Play† policy used in schools. This is used by teachers to protect children from skin cancer risks in the playground. Advantages of this would be that children will be increasingly protected and parents are given peace of mind, and no noticeable disadvantages are created by this policy. Create Supportive Environments- A noticeable environment change caused by the increased awareness of skin cancers would the addition of shaded areas to many public places. This creates an environment for the public population that is protected from harmful Ultraviolet sun rays. An advantage of this are that people can be outside but protected from skin cancer risks while a disadvantage would be that most of these shaded areas come at the expense of nature, eg- destruction of trees and/or other natural features. Strengthen Community Action- Two initiatives related to the ‘Slip Slop Slap† would be the introduction of Cancer Centres to many rural areas and the Relay for Life, which is about raising funds for the Cancer Council. These two initiatives can create awareness of skin cancer, while the former can save lives. Only advantages are created by these two initiatives, which are; increased knowledge, funds gained for research and practical use, the ability to detect cancers and save lives. Develop Personal Skills- The campaign of â€Å"Slip Slop Slap Seek Slide† uses a jingle to educate the Australian population. The TV ad itself is an educational video, which creates awareness of skin cancers in Australia. This leads to increased knowledge of how to protect yourself and others from skin cancers. An advantage of this is that the Australian public is being educated in their own home by the TV, although a disadvantage is that they do not know that  they are being directly educated. Reorient Health Services- A health service which has become operational due to increased awareness of skin cancers is the Skin Cancer @ Bondi checks, where on the beach at Bondi you can have a skin cancer check. This leads to a safer beach, as beachgoers can be precautious and have a skin cancer check. Advantages of this are that the population can be on the beach and get their skin checked at the same time as well as not have to book into a skin cancer centre for the check. A disadvantage may be that the check may not be a thorough as one performed in a more professional environment. Overall, the introduction of the â€Å"Slip Slop Slap† campaign and the readjustment to â€Å"Slip Slop Slap Seek Slid e† campaign has increased the awareness and knowledge of skin cancers in Australia. The action areas of the Ottawa Charter are relevant to the campaign and Australia’s health priorities.

HTML

HTML HTML HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the backbone of the Internet. Although it's very limited in many ways, it is the framework that delivers programs written in much more powerful languages, such as Java and Perl. One of HTML's main benefits is that it is a cross-platform language, usable in PC, Mac, UNIX, and elsewhere. However, different browsers, such as Netscape and Internet Explorer, have different HTML standards, resulting in certain commands that will work in one browser and be disabled in another.For the most part, HTML is a simple, straightforward language. Anyone working with HTML documents should be aware of the basic commands and structure of the language, and how to pick out display text from commands. There are many books and websites that teach HTML; see below for a short list of good ones. However, certain elements of HTML are controversial or confusing and need some clarification as to their uses and drawbacks.English: Poland 1917 Essay by Edmund Bartlomiejczy.. .

Deferred Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Deferred Taxation - Essay Example Such differences only impact on the taxation computation of one period. Deferral method is where the tax effects of current timing differences are deferred and allocated to future periods when the timing differences reverse. Since deferred tax balances in the balance sheet are not considered to represent rights to receive or obligations to pay money, they are not adjusted to reflect changes in the tax rate or the imposition of new taxes. Under the deferral method, the tax expense for a period comprises of provision for taxes payable and the tax effects of timing differences deferred to or from other periods. Liability Method is where the expected tax effects of current timing differences are determined and reported either as liabilities for taxes payable in the future or as assets representing advance payment of future taxes. Deferred tax balances are adjusted for changes in the tax rate or for new taxes imposed. The balances may also be adjusted for expected future changes in tax rates. Under the liability method, the tax expense for a period comprises of the provision for taxes payable, the amount of taxes expected to be payable or considered to be prepaid in respect of timing differences originating or reversing in the current period and the adjustments to deferred tax balances in the balance sheet necessary to reflect either a change in the tax rate or the imposition of new taxes. 3. Nil provision, partial provision and full provision Nil provision is where no provisions are made for deferred tax whatever the circumstances. This is based on the principal that only the tax that is deemed to be payable in respect of a period should be accounted for in the financial statements. Full provision is where the tax effects of all timing differences are recognized as and when they arise. Although this method is arithmetically accurate it can lead to the building up of large meaningless provisions in the balance sheet. Partial provision lies between the two extremes stated above. Deferred tax should be accounted for in respect of the net amount by which it is probable that any payment of tax will be temporarily deferred by the operation of timing differenced, which will reverse in the foreseeable future without being replaced. 4. Discounting Discounting deferred tax assets and liabilities enables to reflect the time value of money. IAS 12 does not permit discounting due to the difficulty in ascertaining the timing of reversal of each temporary difference B) Critically assess the current IAS 12 requirements for accounting for deferred tax Deferred tax is an accounting term, meaning future tax liability or asset, resulting from temporary differences between book (accounting) value of assets and liabilities, and their tax value. This arises due to differences between accounting for shareholders and tax accounting. Deferred tax arises when the actual tax as a result of a particular transaction (tax payable or recoverable) arises in a different period from the period in which the transaction is included in the financial statements. The provision for taxes payable is calculated in accordance with rules for determining taxable income established by taxation authorities. In many circumstances these rules differ from the accounting policies applied to determine accounting income. The effect of this

The Marlin Firearms Company marketing profile Essay

The Marlin Firearms Company marketing profile - Essay Example The Company currently sells nine major firearms, has historically produced many different types of firearms, and has evolved its marketing strategies to better reflect the attitudes and beliefs of today's buyers all over the world The various marketing objectives for the company have altered over the course of its existence and currently are reflecting the values of a large group of consumers who want specific products.The Marlin Firearms Company specializes in small arms manufacture and accessories. Originally, consumer appreciation of these products came from their basic differences from other firearms like those produced by large companies like Winchester (Marlin online, "The history of Marlin Firearms"). The machine guns produced by the company in the early 20th century were used en mass by soldiers during the First World War, but now the company has focused its production and marketing to smaller handguns and rifles that are used by homeowners and hunters. Communicative objectiv es for Marlin concerning their products are that these firearms are not, as in the past, for large scale warfare but for protection, collection and hunting expeditions. These are values the company realizes its customers hold highly and by focusing the range of products onto these values, Marlin is known for personal, acceptable manufacture of firearms.Marlin products are promoted on the basis that every customer has his or her own target in mind: whether it is actual target practice, small game, large game, deer, bears or random varmints, Marlin has a shotgun or rifle to get the job done. The premise of this promotional strategy is "Find Your Target" (Brophy 1989), and whether shopping online or speaking with a local dealer, customers can discover which guns suit their needs and skill levels. Along with the guns themselves, Marlin promotes an entire line of accessories such as hats, gun slings, books and knives to accompany the hunting lifestyle. In particular, marketing is focused on Americans who have often grown up with parents or grandparents who hunted, and who want to continue what they view as a traditionally way of life. Marlin markets itself as "America's Favorite Riflemaker" (ibid.), a title that speaks for itself in terms of advertising. There is a large pull in the American market for hunting gear simply so that Americans can embrace this kind of lifestyle; Marlin caters to the existing market by advertising products specific to the purpose consumers have in mind. Promotional Budget The Marlin Firearm Company makes an estimated $28 300 000 annually in profit; it employs more than 575 people and is able to allocate up to 70% of revenue directly to marketing strategies (Manta online and Brophy 1989). This money is divided between the publishing of the sales catalogue, the upkeep of the website and advertising campaigns in many related publications. With the bulk of the budget being spent on various sponsorships in arms-related publications, Marlin spends relatively little on the maintenance on the website that accounts for a large portion of their income. The online catalogue and sales pitches found on the Marlin Firearms website are the most efficient way to advertise and make direct sales to customers who find the company through a simple keyword search. Media Strategies The Marlin Firearms Company has been a big part of the American firearm industry for some time now; despite this foundational image the company ensures that its name persists with constant sponsorship and event collaboration. The production of the company's own catalogue goes a long way to presenting Marlin products to the public,

The Vietnam War and its Effect on American Society Essay Example for Free

The Vietnam War and its Effect on American Society Essay The Vietnam War was started by President Eisenhower. He was the first to involve the United States in the conflict between North and South Vietnam, by putting in CIA operatives and military advisors in South Vietnam (ushistory). The USs involvement grew with every passing president. President Kennedy was the first to put soldiers in Vietnam. Johnson orders the first official combat of the United States soldiers. Finally, the war ended after eighteen years after it was declared by President Richard Nixon. The war had a lasting effect on all parties involved. The US lost its first war, the objective of stopping communism from spreading failed. The war was also the first that the people and soldiers couldnt look back on with pride of a sense of accomplishment (Hochgesang, Lawyer, Stevenson 1). Due to the government’s secrecy and over reach of power, a distrust of the United States government, as an institution, grew that still exists today. The fall out of the war had massive, negative impacts on south East Asian countries. More countries would fall to communism. The devastation of the war caused economic repercussions that still effect countries today. Not only did the war cause lasting damage multiple countries, but it allowed situations that caused the death, slaughter, and starvation of millions in the years following the war (sparknotes). The Vietnam War was started based on the Domino Theory. This theory was adopted by President Eisenhower; it concisely stated that if South Vietnam fell to communism, many other South East Asia countries would become more accepting of communism and eventually adopt it (vietnamawbb 1). â€Å"If Indochina falls, Thailand is put in an almost impossible position. The same is true of Malaya with its rubber and tin. The same is true of Indonesia. If this whole part of South East Asia goes under Communist domination or Communist influence, Japan, who trades and must trade with this area in order to exist must inevitably be oriented towards the Communist regime† (vietnamawbb 1) The Domino effect was the driving force for the Vietnam  War. With the end of World War II, the USSR was the greatest threat to Democracy and Capitalism. Vietnam, being in a centralized location, allowed many of the trade routes of South East Asian countries to pass through it. Many traders would have to come into contact with the political and economic structure within Vietnam, and through this eventually communism as a form of government would have to be accepted. The involvement of the United States lead more counties fall to communism. If the United States had not been so reckless with its military investment less countries would have turned to communist governments. The United States was the first domino in the South East Asian countries establishing communistic governments. American leadership viewed communism as an economic and legal philosophy that destroys justice and enslaves men (Nixon 1). This perception, along with the military threats that the communist countries posed at the time, made communism the enemy of freedom and Democracy. The people of the United States had always fought for freedom: The Revolutionary War, The Civil War, World War I, and World War II. Now the world saw the new face of oppression, Communism. That drove the people and the politicians to purposely involve themselves in the Vietnam conflict. The eighteen year war was a complete and utter failure. It cost the American people billions of dollars, almost 60,000 Americans lives and hundred thousands more were injured. The war did not accomplish what it was supposed to do, the objective, stopping communism spreading to South Vietnam, was not achieved. Within two years of the United States ending its military involvement the north took over the south and annexed it forming the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (ushistory 1). In fact, due to the desperate measures that the US took to try and rout the enemy caused, neighboring countries, Laos and Cambodia to fall to Communism. In March of 1969 the United States started a carpet bombing campaign that would last four years. Authorized by President Nixon the operation was kept secret from congress and the American people. Along with the bombing campaign the US also invaded both Laos and Cambodia. The goal of both operations was to disrupt supply lines that aided North Vietnam. In 1973, the carpet bombing campaign became public knowledge and was stopped due to public opinion. This massive bombing displaced almost thirty percent of the populations from both countries,  causing massive instability of the governments there (rabble 1). Through the USs involvement in those countries, communist government were established. Only through the USs bombing campaign and invasion were the communist rebels were able to take over the weakened governments. Another failure and another domino falling because of the United States. A Large Part of the Vietnam War that cause a major change in American society was the discovery and recognition of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD and the physical disabilities that many soldiers received during the war. It begins with an event in which the individual is threatened with his or her own death or the destruction of a body part, to such humiliation that their personal identity may be lost.(Hochgesang, Lawyer, Stevenson 1). This is the definition of the traumatic event that causes PTSD. Symptoms include feeling: helplessness, worthlessness, dejection, anger, depression, insomnia, and a tendency to react to tense situations by using survival tactics (Hochgesang, Lawyer, Stevenson 1). PTSD wasnt identified until the 80s (Hochgesang, Lawyer, Stevenson 1). When thousands of Vietnam veterans were reporting the same symptoms. The effects of PTSD usually dont appear until about a year after the traumatic experience, this along with a limited understanding of the human psyche, made it easy for the government to disregard PTSD (Hochgesang, Lawyer, Stevenson 1). The governments disregard for the veterans mental health caused resentment toward the Government, for using them and then not taking care of them after the war. In Vietnam, not only were psychological problems but physical problems like, the massive drug problem among the soldiers. At the start of the war Marijuana was widely used and the soldiers first choice. Then the media found out that drugs were in mass usage in the United States military, the government quickly banned the smoking to marijuana to stop the bad press that came from the drug. Soon after, many soldiers turned to heroin for their fix. This switch was enjoyed by many soldiers because of the different effects of the drugs marijuana slowed down the perception of time, heroin sped up the perception of time. The drugs and alcohol in Vietnam were so inexpensive that they were easily taken to try and forget the horrors that they saw on the battlefield (Hochgesang, Lawyer, Stevenson 1). But with the return of the soldiers to the United States, many had addictions that were exponentially harder to maintain because of the stricter drugs laws in the  US. Most veterans were still too young to buy alcohol in the United States. One of the worst things by far that came from the many publicized addiction employers used serving Vietnam as evidence of a drug addiction, and were refused employment (Hochgesang, Lawyer, Stevenson 1). The movement against the Vietnam War did become widely popularized until 1965 (History 1). Contrary to what many people believe before 1965, there was wide spread support of the war. Only two congressmen voted against president Johnson waging war against north Vietnam (ushistory 1). The student lead protests had the most support during 1968 after a successful North offensive. Over 40,000 men were forced into service each month, through the governments usage of the draft (history 1). This only cause less and less support for the war form the people. The Tet Offensive in January of 1968 was a serious blow to US moral. By February of 1968 only thirty five percent approved of the war and fifty percent actively disapproved of it. Many war veterans joined in the anti-war protest (history 1). As more and more people joined in protest, and more and more information was revealed about the war crimes and horrors that happened in Vietnam, support for the war rapidly decreased until President Nixon announced the end to the USs involvement in the conflict (history 1). The amount of protests that ended in violence and deaths of protesters caused approval of the government to plummet. The United States hiding operations from the American people, like the bombing and invasion of Laos and Cambodia, cause an ingrained distrust of the government in issues like transparences and being morally just that has lasted decades. Over all, the Vietnam war was a failure for United States. The government failed to secure public support of the war after, their promises of a quick war fell short. Not only did they not secure it, they lost support of the American people in the later years of the conlict. The American government made an entire generation of veterans feel like they were tools to be used and thrown away. The Government did not recognize a massive disorder that thousands to veterans got during the war. They lost the trust of generations. The War also cost tens of thousands American lives and destroyed Millions more after the US left the conflict. The wars objective also failed, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia all established communist government in the years following the war. The Vietnam War was an overall failure and disappointment that still effects people today.

Law of equity emerged

Law of equity emerged The law of equity emerged to mitigate the severity of the rules of common law . Instead of simply replacing or adding to the common law, equity grew up as a separate branch of jurisprudence, leading to a system of common law dualism The reasons for the creation of equity firstly, and secondly its distinction from the common law go back to the thirteenth century. Briefly, the law of equity developed due to the inflexibility of the common law . Claimants would only have a successful claim if the claim could be matched with an existing writ. Thus petitions for remedies were made to the King, which were in time delegated to the Chancellor, which in time was taken over by the Chancery, which was seen as separate to the common law courts. Equity thus became a kind of supplementary jurisprudence which was intended to fill up the gaps in common law Equity and common law worked separately, administered by different courts until the Judicature Act fused the different courts of equity and the common law, so that a claimant could go to a court and and have both equity and common law available to him, instead of having the two separate courts. However despite being merged in administration, the two streams of jurisdictiondid not mingle their waters , meaning that the rules and principles from equity and common law still exist separately as they did before, but are now applied by, and are available to all courts. If ever a dispute between law and equity arose, the rules of equity shall prevail , this rule is to ensure that equity actually has an application when its used to supplement the common law. Ashburners quote is proven by the trust, in which English law still draws a fundamental distinction between legal and equitable rights The trust refers to the duty or aggregate accumulation of obligations that rest upon a person described as trustee . The trustee is bound to hold the land on behalf of a beneficiary, and thus under the common law the land belongs to the trustee, equity would hold that it belongs to the beneficiary. Equity supplements but does not contradict the common law according to Lord Templeman. This issue is a source of lucrative debate, with most agreeing with Lord Templeman, but some argue that equity is contradictory in nature, Worthington suggests that because equity was applied where common law was inadequate, it follows that equitys rule would have to be different than those of the common law, which would naturally lead to conflict and contradiction . Following the Judicature Acts the debate over the nature of equity became more important, with both systems being at a judges disposal they could be conflicting than ever. Using the trust as an example, the classic point thought to be a contradiction between common law and equity is where A (trustee) is the owner in law, and B (beneficiary) is the owner in equiry. Hohfeld is one academic who believes that equity is contradictory. The example used by him is firstly to imagine what the state of things were like without equity. B would ask A told hold the land on his (Bs) behalf, however A, under common law has no obligation to do anything, A is now owner of the land and can do with it as he pleases. Similarly B has no rights over the land, he does not even have a right to be on the land. Hohfeld then goes on to imagine Parliament enacting a statute that states that A, on holding the land for B is under a duty to hold the land for Bs benefit and to not do as he pleases with it. Hohfeld states that this statute conflicts, substantively, with the common law rules, and repealed them . Thus in extending this analogy to the modern trust and equity, Hohfeld hop e to show that equity and the trust are contradictory to the common law. However Hohfeld is assuming that because equity reacts differently to a trust than common law does there is a contradiction, this is a misunderstanding of what equity is trying to achieve, which is a supplement to the common law which is not necessarily a contradiction. Equity builds upon the common law to improve it. So A must own the property in common law in order that he can fulfil Bs wishes and to protect his interests in it. B being see as the owner in equity has his superior interest in the property secured. Equity and common law are working together, proving why Maitland describes the trust as the greatest and most distinctive achievementin the field of jurisprudence Maitland disagrees with the idea of having two owners of the land, He stated that if A and B were both owners, there would be civil war and utter anarchy and there would be the contradiction that Hohfeld spoke of. According to Maitland equity never said that the cestui que trust was the owner of the land, it said that the trustee was the owner of the land but with the added burden of holding the land for the beneficiarys benefit. Furthermore if there was a contradiction here Maitland points out that the Judicature Act would have abolished the trust. Hohfeld seemed to see equity as a rival system to the common law, which we ought not to do says Maitland. Equity is more of a parasitic system, it needs the common law to survive as alone it is nothing as its doctrines and rules build upon the pre-existing common law. To take Maitlands example, if equity were to be abolished, the common law would stand up fine on its own, however if the common law were abolished, there would be anarchy. Equity was not a self-sufficient system at every point it presupposed the existence of common law. Equity does not act contrary to the common law and does not go against it, it works with it to create a more just system. In conclusion Maitland is right when he says that equity is supplementary. Equity should be seen as an addition to the common law, an added extra. The rules of equity with regards to the trust do not say that the common law is wrong, instead it adds rules on, rules that only exist within equity, so the existing common law rules can stand. With the example of a trust, the common law says A is the owner, and in equity agrees with this, but adds the fact that A must hold the property on behalf of B. Without the common law the idea of a trust would disappear completely if A could not be the owner of the land at law, or else he would not be able to fulfil his duty as trustee on the beneficiarys behalf. . Without the intervention of the trust the common law alone would allow A to do anything with the land B asked him to hold, a truly unsatisfactory and unfair outcome, equity mitigates this harshness, by building on it, it does not contradict it by creating a antithetical system.

Explain the Hardware, Software and Peripheral Components of a Computer System and the Functional Relation Between These Components

Explain the hardware, software and peripheral components of a computer system and the functional relation between these components. Fig: functions of the operating systems (1) 1-Hardware Hardware consists of physical equipment of the computer. We distinguish equipment within the Case such as: Power supply: it is the equipment that receives electricity from a DC current and converts it to a alternative current AC for the needs of the computer. The power supply may depends on the motherboard of the computer because the wattage varies depends on other equipment inside the computer. Fig 3: power supply (4) The motherboard: it is the main equipment of the computer. On it are stored and connected every other equipment. The motherboard is the central piece of the computer. We have many others components installed on the motherboards such as microprocessor, RAM, controller†¦ Fig 4: the motherboard (5) Microprocessor: it is the brain of the computer. it means that all the operation on the computer are made by the microprocessor. It is also known as CPU (central processing Unit). it can be measured in megahertz (MHz) or in Gigahertz depending of computer. he performance of the microprocessor is so important that it is essential to any customer to be aware of the number of calculations it can perform before buying a computer [23]. for example, Dell Optiplex 990 works with Intel Core i3 2100 (3. 1GHz). Fig 5: microprocessor (6) RAM: it is Random access memory. its role is to store instructions or data for a possible processing and its storage is temporally. it hold s a list of instructions of an information that is currently working. it can be accessed randomly, it means that it does not have to look in the storage device (hard disk) from the start to find a piece of interest [23]. When we switch off the computer any storage within the RAM, will be erased that is why we say the storage is temporally. RAM is the main memory because we can quickly access any files in the hard disk. Fig 6: RAM (7) ROM: it stands for read only memory. ROM differs from RAM in two ways: first it is not changed or erased after the computer is assembled, you can read it but cannot write on it, and second it remains unchanged even after the computer is turned off. [23] Fig:19 ROM [22] Hard disk: it is the component where data, files, operating systems are saved. t stored large amount of data depending on its size. the records stored are not volatile as in the RAM, but it remains until it is changed or deleted. it is measured in bytes. today we noticed that computer are almost hard disk capacity of 40 gigabytes. this performance of the disk capacity is one of the main measure when we are buying a computer. [23] Fig 7: the hard disk (8) Drive controllers: its role is to control data trans fer to and from the hard disk. it is a circuits that allows the CPU to communicate with the hard disk and the other kind of disk drive. or example the controller talks to the keyboard and to the mouse to enable the CPU to read information from them(2). we have drive controller such as IDE(integrated drive electronic) and SCSI (small computer systems interface) Fig 8:drive controllers (9) CD-ROM Drive: we use this drive to play and read CD-ROM (DISK COMPACT Read only memory) in the computer. we can also play audio CD. a typical capacity of the CD ROM is about 650 megabytes. they are now being overtaken by DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) because of their large capacity storage up to 3. 9 gigabytes. [23] Fig 9: CD ROM drive(10) Floppy drive: we use this drive to save or read data in a floppy disk. a floppy disk is a small and removable storage devices that record data in square plastic jacket. fig 10: floppy disk drive (11) 2- Software The computer software are programs that controls the computer hardware. They command the hardware and tell them what to do and how to do it. We have many kinds of software: operating systems software, application software, and drivers. Operating systems: it is a program that controls and manages the computer in every task. it controls the input and the output of the computer such as disk drives or scanner. Two of the main features of the operating systems are: -multi user: it means that two or more users can run programs at the same time, it is used particularly with mainframe and minicomputer (3) -multitasking: it means that it is able to execute more than one task at the same-time. For example we can play music in the computer and use the write a document in Microsoft word. We have many type of operating systems: -Windows (XP, VISTA, Windows 7†¦) -Mac OS X -Linux there are additional operating systems that we find on the computer. We called them systems tools of the computer. e use them for the routine maintenance. routine maintenance is different method we take to keep our computer safe and without problems. we have tools such as Disk defragmenter: it is a tool that we use to keep our computer running quickly and efficiently. it organizes and consolidates data on the hard disk, allowing the systems to run faster. we have to use it at least every week. [17] Disk cleanup: it is a tool that enables us to free space in the hard disk and improve the performance of the computer. we use it to remove and delete programs such as temporally internet files, or programs that we on’t use. [17] Backup, [17] Application software: they are programs designed to handle specific types of information and achieve useful results. We distinguish many kinds of application software: -word processing: in those applications we can create text documents. E. g. Microsoft word -database: in those applications we can create and edit data records. E. g. Filemarker pro -presentation graphics: we have the possibility to draw, create 2D and 3D graphics. E. g Corel Draw -media player: with those applications we can play Video, MP3, and other audio formats. E. g. QuickTime player It facts application software depends on platforms and operating systems. for example there are some applications that cannot work in Drivers: there is a program that controls a particular hardware device. Devices such as keyboard, monitor and printer are controls by a driver. Without those drivers the devices cannot function properly. 3-Peripheral components of the computer the peripheral components of the computer can be input or output devices such as: Monitor: it is a device made as a screen where information is represented. it is one of the most important peripheral components of the computer. Fig 11: monitor (12) Keyboard: it is a device that we use to write or enter data text into the computer. Fig 12: keyboard (13) Mouse: it can be defined as a device composed of one or many button that we used to select or to choose specific things through a pointer in a screen. fig 13: mouse(14) Printer: it is a device that we use to represent physically text or graphic data or information stored in the computer. We represent it through a paper. we have many kinds of printer: Dot matrix printer: it can print up to 200 characters per seconds; the print head is hammered very rapidly over the paper. Laser jet printer and ink jet printer. fig14: ink jet printer (15) Scanner: it is a input device used to scan or copy pictures, text to the computer. fig 15: scanner [16] Digital camera: it is a device that we use to record video. We can transfer our recorded video to our computer, and edit them, or email them to friends. fig 16: digital camera[19] Loudspeakers: we use these devices to play music or to use some application that involves sound hearing. fig 17: computer loudspeakers [20] Microphone: we use microphone to create or record a voice or a sound . ometimes we use it for communicating with friends via internet. [18] fig 18: computer microphone [21] References: 1-www. cisco. co. uk 2-http://encyclopedia2. thefreedictionary. com/Hard+drive+controller 3-http://www. webopedia. com/TERM/M/multi_user. html 4-http://trustcomputers. co. uk/index. php? main_page=index&cPath=2 5-http://www. teach-ict. com/gcse/hardware/parts/miniweb/motherboard. htm 6-http://www. cpu-world. com/CPUs/K10 /TYPE-Sempron. html 7-http://www. pcextreme. net/news/your-ram-check-it/ 8-http://www. novell. com/coolsolutions/appnote/16837. html 9-http://www. techarp. om/showarticle. aspx? artno=388&pgno=2 10- http://www. powersourceonline. com/buy-equipment/ibm-Parts/10K3782/31776879-10K3782-cy-en. jsa 11_http://www. darlingtoncomputerrepairs. co. uk/index. php? main_page=product_info&cPath=58_100&products_id=87 12- http://www. lcd-monitor-reviews. com/lcd-monitor-reviews/iiyama-AS4611UT-lcd-monitor-review. html 13- http://voices. canonical. com/joey. stanford/2007/11/ 14- http://www. tomshardware. com/reviews/microsoft-breeds-unique-mice,1554-2. html 15-http://www. inkandmedialtd. co. uk/blog/epson-r300-inkjet-printer-review/ 16-http://www. letsgodigital. rg/html/events/PHOTOKINA-2004/news/epson/PERFECTION-4180_en. html 17-http://www. microsoft. com/atwork/maintenance/speed. aspx 18-www. camcorderinfo. com/content/Glossary. htm 19-http://digital-cameras-planet. com/ 20-http://www. comparesto reprices. co. uk/Trust-computer-speakers-reviews. asp 21-http://www. custom-product. com/wholesale-items/662/714-1/computer-microphone-cm-9002-129285. html 22-http://www. novopc. com/2008/09/rom-read-only-memory/ 23- Brendan Munnelly, Paul Holden, 2000, ECDL3 the complete coursebook, Prentice Hall, Redacteurs Software Documentation Limited 2000

The Digestive System and the Urinary System

Man loves food and loves to eat. His appetite is always good and in some cases, he will eat food even if he is not hungry especially if the food is tasty. Of course, food has to get into the blood to be carried to the body’s cells. Only soluble food or food which has already been dissolved can do this. Most of the food we eat, however, is insoluble. Even if you grind it down finely, it still won’t dissolve. And so, to make use of it, our body has to break it down into chemicals which can dissolve.This breakdown is called digestion, and it takes place in the digestive system. After our body completely utilizes the food and its nutrients or minerals, it becomes waste and this waste should be removed. It is now the part or role of the urinary system to control the discharge of certain waste materials filtered from the blood by the kidneys. Understanding these two systems, working hand in hand, would further improve one’s appreciation of how our body functions. Our d igestive system is a tube with two openings and many specialized organs.It extends from the mouth of the anus and is also called the gastrointestinal tract. An interesting fact about the gastrointestinal tract is that while food or food residues are in it, technically the material is still outside the body. Nutrients don’t â€Å"officially† enter the body until they move from the space inside the digestive tube, its lumen, into the bloodstream. From beginning to end, mucus-coated epithelium lines surfaces facing the lumen. The thick, moist mucus protects the wall of the tube and enhances diffusion across its inner lining.When we eat, the food advances in one direction, following the major components of the human digestive system, from the mouth or oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and the large intestine or colon. The large intestine ends in the rectum, anal canal and anus. . If the complete digestive system of an adult human were fully stretche d out, it would extend 6. 5 to 9 meters or 21 to 30 feet; definitely one big tube. The mouth or the oral cavity is the entrance to the digestive system where the food is moistened and chewed. It can be said that the polysaccharide digestion starts in the mouth.The pharynx is the entrance to the tubular part of the system and to the respiratory system as well. It moves the food toward by contracting sequentially. On the other hand, the esophagus is the muscular, saliva-moistened tube that moves food from pharynx to stomach. The stomach is the muscular sac which stretches to store the food we take, faster than can be processed. Gastric fluid mixes with food and kills many pathogens. If the mouth is the place for polysaccharide digestion, the stomach is the place where protein digestion starts. It secretes grhelin.Grhelin is the appetite hormone which is responsible for those individuals who always want to eat. The small intestine on the other hand, has three parts. The first part of t he small intestine, namely the duodenum which is C-shaped and almost 10 inches long, receives secretions from the pancreas, gallbladder and liver. The second part, the jejunum which is almost three feet long, is the part of the small intestine where most nutrients are digested and absorbed. The third part is the ileum which is six to seven feet long and absorbs some nutrients and delivers unabsorbed material to large intestine.The large intestine concentrates and stores undigested matter by absorbing mineral ions and water. The large intestine of the adult human is about five feet long and it is divided into ascending transverse and descending portions. The last two major components of the digestive system are the rectum and the anus. The rectum is the distension which stimulates expulsion of the feces while the anus is the end of the digestive system and has a terminal opening through which feces are expelled. (Smith and Morton, 2001). The other system, urinary system, consists onl y of the two kidneys, two ureters, urinary bladder and the urethra.The two kidneys are shaped like beans, with the indentation or hilum, which faces medially. The kidney contains both excretory and collecting elements in the form of epithelial tubes and cavities, which are separated and supported by connective tissue laced with blood vessels. The two ureters, urinary bladder and urethra are all collecting elements. The ureters carry the urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. A single urethra then carries the urine to the outside. We should be aware that the urethra is one component of the urinary system whose final development and location differ in the male and female.The ureters and urinary bladder are also lined with transitional epithelium. Surrounding this lining are thick walls formed by multiple layers of smooth muscle held together by connective tissue, particularly prominent in the urinary bladder. The urethra is lined by a combination of epithelial types, ranging f rom transitional to stratified squamous. The stratified squamous is the epithelium characteristic of structure close to or on the outside of the body (Premkumar, 2004). To sum the components and functions of the urinary system, the two kidneys produce urine while the ureters convey the urine to the urinary bladder.The urinary bladder in return stores the urine while the urethra transports the urine out of the body. The digestive system maintains the homeostasis in the human body through mechanical processing and motility, secretion, digestion, absorption and elimination. In mechanical processing and motility, movements of the various parts, such as teeth, tongue and muscle layers, break up, mix and propel the food material that we eat. In secretion, the digestive enzymes and other substances are released into the digestive tube.Digestion occurs when the food that we eat is chemically broken down into nutrient molecules until they become small enough to be absorbed. Following digesti on, of course, is absorption, where the digested nutrients and fluid pass across the tube wall and into blood or the lymph. Finally, elimination takes place when the undigested and unabsorbed residues are eliminated form the end of the digestive system or gastrointestinal tract. While the urinary system maintains homeostasis in the body by excreting and reabsorbing important electrolytes, compounds and water.Depending on the changes in the blood’s acid-base balance, the kidneys can either excrete bicarbonate or form new bicarbonate and add it to the blood. The necessary chemical reactions go on in the cells of the so called nephron tubule walls. For example, when the blood is too acid such as when we drink softdrinks or soda, water and carbon dioxide combine with the help of an enzyme. They form a compound called the carbonic acid that then can be broken into bicarbonate and H+. Then, the bicarbonate produced in the reactions moves into the interstitial fluid, and form there into peritubular capillaries.It ends up in the general circulation, where it buffers excess H+. H+ formed in the tubule cells is removed from the body. It is secreted into the nephron’s lumen, where it may combine with bicarbonate ions in the filtrate. Sadly for them, those ions can’t cross the tubule wall. But when bicarbonate is not available, the excess H+ combines with phosphate ions or ammonia and is excreted in the urine. This is how kidneys rid the body of hydrogen ions. On the other hand, when the blood is too alkaline, chemical adjustments in the kidneys normally ensure that less bicarbonate is reabsorbed into the bloodstream.Based on how the structure and function of two organ systems collaborate to maintain the body’s homeostasis, I think that a robot having a digestive system and urinary system exactly alike that of the humans is impossible. Robots can be used to cure or treat digestive or urinary system problems but robots having these systems seem impossible. More generally, robots are used to treat humans and help doctors in surgeries. This is evident in the use of robots in surgery or the so-called â€Å"Surgical Robotics† which is considered to be the â€Å"state of the art and future trend, especially towards autonomy† (Finlay, 2007).The examples of medical robot taxonomy are medical robots, surgical robotics, non-surgical robotics, image guided robots and multi-arm telemanipulators. They are also used in neurosurgery and there are new developments such as the developing strategic surgical robots and tactical surgical robots. On the contrary, robots may have a â€Å"digestive system or urinary system† that is similar or functions the same way as the digestive system or urinary system of humans, but not totally or exactly the same.If humans were to create robots with digestive systems of urinary systems, then that would be really difficult and the resulting project would be really complex. In addition to this, it would require us to develop sophisticated nanotechnology or use a lot of nanotechnology just to create one digestive system or one urinary system. After all, it is the body which secretes the enzymes or chemicals which conducts the bodily processes needed in the human body. A robot cannot simply produce the chemicals which are exactly the same as what our body creates or secretes.A hypothetical digestive and urinary system for a robot would look similar to the parts and processes that occur inside the automobiles. The gasoline is the robot’s food and the carburetor or the pistons are the teeth of the robot. An engine will serve as the stomach and in the case of a spark ignition engine, the spark will be similar to the chemicals or enzyme which the digestive system releases in order to digest or ignite the food. The gasoline which was not properly utilized or if incomplete combustion occurs, carbon dioxide or other gas emissions (similar to feces in the human body) will be released in the exhaust.